Organizational aspects for classes in preschool educational institution (senior group) on the topic

Structure of classes with preschool children

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Teaching preschool children

is visually effective. The child acquires new knowledge on the basis of direct perception, when he watches the teacher’s actions, listens to his explanations and instructions, and acts with the didactic material himself.

“Tell me and I’ll forget, show me and I’ll remember, let me do it and I’ll understand.”

(Confucius)

The lesson begins not at the desks, but with the children gathering around the teacher. In younger groups, children can, for example, sit on chairs in a semicircle in front of the teacher.

Lesson structure at a younger age

1. Introductory part. Classes often begin with game elements, surprise moments - the unexpected appearance of toys, things, the arrival of “guests” or fairy-tale plots. This interests and activates the kids. (3 – 4 min)

2. The main part of the lesson. Learning new material or consolidating previously learned material. This stage occurs using a didactic game and working with handouts. (8 – 10 min)

3. Summing up. Be sure to praise the children for the work they have done. (2 minutes)

In the middle of the lesson, you should do a physical training session.

Class structure in middle age.

1. Introductory part. Classes begin with a didactic game, surprise moments, a problem situation, artistic expression (2 - 3 min.)

2. Studying new material (10 - 12 min).

3. Repetition of previously studied material (4 – 6 min).

4. Summing up. In the middle group, at the end of the lesson, the teacher himself sums up the lesson, introducing the children. (“What did we learn new today? What did we talk about? What did we play?”). (2 – 3 min)

After studying new material, it is advisable to conduct a physical training session.

Structure of classes at older ages.

Option 1.

1. Introductory part. Checking children's readiness for class. Creating interest in the lesson (2 - 3 min)

2. Repetition to introduce children to a new topic. A group of children usually sits at desks in twos, facing the teacher, as they work with handouts and develop learning skills. (3 – 5 min.)

3. Consideration of new material. In older groups, it is advisable to use problem situations. (12 – 15 min)

4. Repetition of learned material. (5 – 7 min.)

After studying new material, you should do a physical training session.

Option 2.

1. Organizing time.
2. Continuation of work on studying a new topic.
3. Continued study of immediately preceding material or its consolidation.
4. Repetition of what was previously covered.
5. Summarizing.

The gradual increase in complexity of program material and methodological techniques aimed at mastering knowledge and skills allows children to feel success in their work, their growth, and this, in turn, contributes to the development of their increasing interest in their studies.

REMEMBER!

The leading activity in preschool age is play.

. During classes, use didactic, developmental and outdoor games.

Common model for starting a lesson

The organizational aspect of a lesson in elementary school is part of the generally accepted model of organizing lessons with children. Despite the presence of a large number of examples of the traditional introductory part, modern teachers prefer to move away from it, giving preference to the creative involvement of children in the educational process.

However, when getting to know your students (the first 2-3 months of teaching a new class), it is recommended to use a basic lesson plan to give younger students a chance to become accustomed to their environment without having to be creative in their first days of school.

The generally accepted model of the beginning of a lesson is an organizational moment for introducing, greeting and shaping the mood of students.

It usually consists of several stages:

Video: lesson notes.

Most of the activities for preschoolers are educational and also contain elements of art, familiarization with the environment, and, of course, physical exercises (dynamic pauses) and games.
Many works are located in several sections of this section at once, since they combine several areas. So, for example, classes in art are a general section, while classes in drawing or modeling are specific categories. However, when publishing, it is advisable to indicate all categories of headings related to your material for a more convenient search. Additionally, we suggest filling out sections that sort notes by topic. Then, when preparing a lesson with your children, you can use ready-made lesson notes. For example, in the “toy topic” section, you can find all activities related to toys in one way or another.

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Organizational moment of a non-traditional lesson

A non-traditional lesson differs from a regular lesson in a number of characteristic features.

Among the main ones:

• unusual venue;
• the presence of new elements within the general school curriculum;
• combination of collective and individual work;
• attracting people with a similar type of activity within the framework of the topic being studied;
• use of video and audio materials;
• creative work;
• collective analysis of activities after the lesson;
• creation of an initiative group consisting of volunteer students participating in preparation for the upcoming lesson;
• combining the topic being studied with events that are relevant to a specific age group.

The organizational aspect of a lesson in elementary school may vary depending on the focus of the subject itself.

For example:

• Asking each person their gaze meets over the next 45 seconds to smile.
• After reading a independently invented fairy tale (for example, if the topic of the lesson is vowels and consonants, then you can start the lesson by telling students the story of how the letters “A” and “B” quarreled and how their relatives, divided into 2 camps, formed a generally accepted today the classification of Russian letters).
• By asking to find the sound, letter, root or ending being studied in a sentence (sentences must be used from famous films or cartoons that children know. This trick promotes parallel brain work in two directions - completing a task and associative reproduction of a moment from a famous work).
• Let them listen to a song related to the general focus of the material covered in class (for example, the song “Let’s Exclaim” will not only set children up for active work, but can also become an introductory part for further study of polite words).
• Having asked to give a compliment to any 3 people present so that the pleasant words begin with the letters given by the teacher (before expecting children to complete this task, the teacher needs to show by example what is required of them. This will not only make the task easier for younger schoolchildren, but also will liberate them and make the teacher a little “closer” to them). After the organizational moment, you should smoothly move on to the main topic of the lesson, even during the main part of the lesson, referring to the pleasant emotions of the children when completing the introductory task.

• Sayings or sayings (it is necessary to select a proverb so that its meaning is clear and interesting for discussion by children of a particular age. As soon as the teacher, after reading folk art, makes sure that each student understands the meaning of what was voiced, it is necessary to invite the children to formulate their point of view on this score, using arguments that are objective, in the child’s opinion. Usually such discussions turn into a discussion, which not only sets the necessary pace and dynamics of the lesson, but also teaches children how to correctly convey their opinions to others).
• Visualization (the teacher invites the children to take a journey through the autumn forest. Moving through the forest, the teacher tells the students out loud what surrounds them, using as many artistic and stylistic expressions as possible in his story).
• Meditation (the teacher, turning on pleasant sounds of nature in the background, asks the children to relax, close their eyes and repeat after him the psychological attitudes associated with further activities. For example, “now I am as attentive as possible and focused on studying. I want to gain new knowledge, and I am happy , that I will now have such an opportunity” and so on).
• Children's imagination (for example, after reading the poem “Winter is angry for a reason ...”, the teacher should ask students to come up with their own story related to how, in their opinion, spring usually comes into its own, where the snow and cold winds disappear). When using the above techniques should not constantly correct children. It is more important to let them understand that, having the skill of reading, the limitless world of fiction will open to them.

Another option for a non-standard lesson could be an activity - a journey, during which children, under the guidance of a teacher, “fly” on an imaginary plane (the ideal would be the presence of decorations, handing out booklets to passengers of the aircraft, and so on) across different hemispheres of the Earth, or suddenly everyone turns into astronauts and will visit outer space, simultaneously studying how the planet on which humanity lives and the celestial bodies located millions of kilometers from the Earth works.

A teacher’s non-standard approach to instilling in children attentiveness to the events of the past can become more effective if they explain to students the need to understand the history of not only their own people, but also people all over the world (knowing what the mistakes of the past led ancient people to, it is now necessary to do everything to avoid their repetition).

Children's attention to history will also be attracted by organizational aspects drawn up in the style of:

• interview (children are asked to imagine what they could do “back in time”);
• theatrical performance (it is recommended to avoid long productions, as children in primary school quickly lose focus and attention to the event);
• introductory part to “Brainstorming” (in advance of the start of such a lesson, children must be given the task of learning the events of a specific historical period. Class students are divided into 2 or 3 teams. The team that gives the most correct answers in the quiz receives a medal or cardboard cup).