Consultation for teachers “How to prepare and formalize a project in a preschool educational institution in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard”

Preparing a project at school and the student’s ability to competently present their work are the result of the requirements of a modern educational program. In modern schools, projects are required to be completed on a computer. How to create a school project.

It is assumed that project activities reveal in the child the ability to think and act creatively, develop independence in searching for information and processing it, teach the child to prepare a presentation and present it to the public.

To understand where to start a school project, you need to choose its type. School projects are:

• research - study, consider the topic from different angles; is prepared as a scientific study (a hypothesis is put forward and tested);
• practical, practice-oriented - the result is a solution to a specific problem that can be used in life;
• creative - the result is a creative product, an edited video, a poster, a theatrical performance, a new educational game, a sports game;
• informational - contain the results of collecting information, which is then presented to the public;
• role-based - projects in which roles are distributed and rules of interaction between participants are established. The result of such work becomes known only upon completion; students try themselves in new roles and situations, learn to resolve conflicts while in the image of the chosen role.

Materials, presentation, what the school project consists of and what it looks like will directly depend on the type of project chosen.

How to write a project at school

It all starts with choosing a topic and understanding the end goal. It must be understandable, clear and concise. In order for the work to progress quickly, the student must be interested in the topic. Otherwise, there will be no benefit from project activities. It will not be possible to successfully defend a project that is not even interesting to its creator.

Stages of work:

1. Preparatory. We decide on a topic and purpose.
2. Planning. We find out what is needed for the project at school, what sources of information we will work with, how we will collect and analyze it. We decide in what form we will present the results of the work.
3. Study. We collect and clarify information and carry out research tasks.
4. Conclusions. We analyze the information and formulate conclusions.
5. Decor. Teachers of each specific educational institution put forward their own requirements for how to draw up projects at school and provide design samples.

At the planning stage, they decide in what form to present the information. Then it is determined what program is needed to create a school project on a computer. At school, for projects within the classroom, it is enough to use the graphic editor Word. They type text in it and supplement it with pictures.

Application of projects in practice

It is clear that in primary school children do not yet have the skills to independently search for the necessary information. Therefore, to begin with, a game form is suitable for them: simple observation of animals, plants, weather. As children grow older, their project tasks should gradually become more complex. The motivation will be practical experience from real life, namely the opportunity to earn money.

A certain idea is taken as a basis. For example, installing a terminal for charging gadgets on the station area. In this case, it’s not enough to want, you first need to think through everything, and then do it:

• Find out everything about the ways of implementation from the point of view of the law;
• Register as an individual entrepreneur (ask your parents);
• Estimate your chances of success, see what problems may arise and how to deal with them;
• Find a suitable location, as well as a responsible person with whom you need to coordinate the installation, etc.

It is clear that a ninth-grader cannot become an entrepreneur right away. But he will form a specific idea, confirmed by practice, of how he can launch his startup.

In theory, everything sounds attractive, of course, but in reality, teachers face certain difficulties:

• Where should the project start?
• How to motivate students;
• How should this approach be incorporated into the school curriculum without compromising the core base.

Benefits to help

The textbook “Design Workshop”, developed by practitioners A.V., deserves special attention. Leontovich, I.A. Smirnov, A.S. Savvichev. In lively and understandable language, the authors tell teachers and children about the intricacies of design and research activities:

• How to bring a project idea to a successful result;
• How to structure your work;
• Errors and ways to solve them are analyzed using examples;
• Advice is given on how to independently prepare for the delivery of the project.

How to register a project

Design of a project in junior classes

The younger the class, the less text and more pictures. After all, the child not only submits a printed project, but must also be able to tell what is written in it and answer questions.

Project structure:

1. Title page. At the very top they write the full name of the educational institution. In the middle of the sheet, by . Below, the name of the project is written in bold, large font. Below it, in the right corner, indicate who completed it: the student’s first and last name, class. Then the manager: last name, first name and patronymic. At the bottom in the middle of the sheet write the city and year of the project.
2. The table of contents is placed on the second sheet.
3. Then comes the introduction. Goals and objectives are written here.
4. Main part. In this part, the topic is revealed, you can write step by step: “I started my work with...”, “Then I started to...”, “In my work I encountered such problems...”.
5. Conclusion.

Designing a project in high school

The older the student, the more stringent the requirements for the content, quality, quantity of information displayed in the project, and for its design.

Computer presentation vs stand for project work

The presentation of the project should be not only informative, but also interesting. Along with the computer presentation, which is common in every school, there is a poster demonstration. When the board displays the main points of the study in the form of diagrams, drawings or tables. Such a presentation should not be overloaded with data. She acts only as an assistant to the speaker and the audience.

Are there any significant differences between a computer show and a stand show? No, they are essentially the same thing. It’s just that in the presentation the slides go one after another, and on the stand blocks of information appear sequentially:

• Full name of the author and supervisor;
• Relevance of the presented topic;
• The purpose of the project and criteria for the effectiveness of the project (in the study we talk about confirming the hypothesis);
• Project concept (flowchart of work execution, demonstration of the essence of the research process and its objects: these can be area maps, diagrams, photos of samples and teams);
• Resources used.

If desired, the structure can include a list of references, an evaluation of effectiveness and acknowledgments, if any.

Event plan

The teacher organizes an exhibition for children on the topic “Work in our garden.” Information material is selected for it: postcards, newspaper clippings, educational games, fiction.

A medical worker is preparing a lecture on the benefits of onions for a parent meeting. The teacher chooses message topics with the children on which they will draw up creative works.

After the completion of the project, the results of the activities are summed up, a newspaper is issued, and delicious onion dishes are presented.

The music worker organizes accompaniment for the award ceremony for the best chefs.

Planning in kindergarten: what does it include?

The teacher who is preparing the project must refer to a specific plan. Here is an example of one of these:

1. Studying children's problems and forming goals.
2. Formation of a plan to achieve the set goal (necessarily discussed with parents).
3. Collaboration with specialists in various fields to implement a plan to achieve the goal.
4. Creating a project plan.
5. Collection, accumulation of material.
6. Selecting the types of activities that will be included in the plan.
7. Formation of a list of “homework” for independent work.
8. Conducting an open lesson and presentation of the project.

Consultation for teachers “Project method in the activities of teachers of preschool educational institutions in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education”

Consultation for preschool teachers

Project method in the activities of preschool teachers

in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard

Currently, in preschool education, traditional education has been replaced by developmental education, which is aimed at developing creative abilities, developing cognitive interest and the need for active creative activity in preschoolers. The project method fully complies with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Educational Education and can be implemented both within the framework of the cognitive development of preschool children and through the integration of educational areas.

Method is a didactic category. This is a set of techniques, operations of mastering a certain area of ​​practical or theoretical knowledge, one or another activity. This is the path of cognition, a way of organizing the process of cognition. Therefore, if we talk about the project method, we mean precisely the way to achieve a didactic goal through a detailed development of the problem (its technologization), which should result in a very real, tangible practical result, formalized in one way or another.

Project method

- educational technology that allows you to create a natural environment for the formation of integrative qualities (personal, intellectual, physical) in preschoolers. The uniqueness of using technology in kindergarten is that it allows children to develop not only personal, intellectual, and physical qualities, but also the ability to solve problems in children’s independent and joint activities.

Purpose of the project method

- to direct the cognitive activity of students towards a specific and planned result, which is obtained by solving a particular theoretically or practically significant problem.

This goal can be achieved with a combination of educational tasks:

1. Develop complex skills and abilities: research, reflective, self-evaluation.

2. Develop children's cognitive interest through creating a problem situation.

3. To form an active, independent and proactive position in children.

Features of pedagogical technology - project method:

• provides the opportunity to acquire the ability to pose and understand a problem and solve it, as it is focused on practical methods of acquiring knowledge;
• provides the opportunity for self-development and self-realization in personality-oriented interaction between a child and an adult, influences the formation of social and communicative competence of pupils, since, based on the specific age of the project participants, preschool projects are mainly of a joint nature (but, of course, the guiding role of an adult is important) ;
• allows for independent search and selection of information, which affects the formation of information and technological competence of project participants.

Projects vary in the dominant activities of the participants and can be:

research, informational, creative, role-playing. Based on the complexity and nature of contacts, projects can be divided into mono- and interdisciplinary. By duration - mini-projects, short-term and long-term projects.

Research projects

– projects aimed at carrying out a research search, the results of which are presented in the form of some kind of creative product (newspaper, dramatization, card index of experiences, cookbook, etc.).

Information projects

– aimed at collecting information about any object, familiarizing project participants with this information, analyzing it and summarizing facts intended for a wide audience. The structure of such a project consists of receiving and processing information, obtaining results and presentation.

Creative projects

– as a rule, they do not have a detailed structure of joint activities of participants and are classified according to the predominant type of creativity (artistic and visual, artistic and speech, design, theatrical, etc.).

Role-playing projects

– projects with game elements, when children take on the role of fairy tale characters and solve the problems in their own way.

Mono projects

– these are creative projects, because they use one type of activity.

Interdisciplinary

These are mixed projects.

Short term

– 1-2 weeks,
medium-term
– 2-3 months,
long-term
– for the entire academic year.

The main stages of pedagogical technology - the project method.

1. Value-oriented stage

: motivating children for project activities, revealing the significance and relevance of the topic, formulating the problem, introducing children to a problem situation. The child’s activity is aimed at consciousness and comprehension of the relevance of the topic, the motive of the activity, formulation of the problem, and entering into a problem situation.

2. Constructive stage

: planning the association of working groups, searching for literature, assistance in planning stages of practical activity, stimulating the search activity of children. Preschoolers are involved in project activities in groups or individually, collecting materials on the topic.

3. Practical stage

: coordination of children’s activities, consultation on emerging issues, and stimulation of activities are carried out. Children gradually implement the content of the activity to solve the problem.

4. The final stage

: the teacher assists in the design of the project, leads the children to formulate conclusions on the project problem. The results, the product of the activity are formalized, and conclusions are formulated.

5. Presentation stage

includes training of experts, organization of presentations. The project is presented and its main positions are defended.

6. Evaluative-reflective stage

involves stimulating children to self-analysis and self-esteem. There is an assessment of the pedagogical effectiveness of the project, a joint expert assessment with the children of the effectiveness of the work performed, and a self-assessment by the children of their contribution to the project and their own activities.

When implementing the project method technology, the educational process widely includes methods based on creating problem situations, stimulating the active cognitive activity of students, which involves searching for and solving complex issues that require updating knowledge, analytical activity, and the ability to see patterns and essential characteristics in individual facts. phenomena.

The set of methods can be represented by the following classification:

• Problem-search methods: problematic questions, thematic conversations, research (research project), step-by-step implementation of actions.
• Creative methods: presentation.
• Information methods: drawing up a model of information sources, collecting information for compiling booklets and organizational materials.

Personal development is facilitated by the use not of individual methods, but of an integral system of project activity, which ensures that preschoolers enter the processes of search, creativity, independent thinking, and the choice of means and methods of project activity.

Algorithm for working on a project.

1. Identifying a problem that meets the needs of children and adults.
2. Determining the goal of the project, forecasting and specifying the future result.
3. The collision of knowledge and “ignorance”, awareness of a cognitive task.
4. Activation of ways to obtain information.
5. Obtaining the necessary information.
6. Summarizing the information received.
7. Planning activities, determining means of project implementation.
8. Project implementation.
9. Discussion of the result, progress of work.
10. Presentation of results.
11. Joint determination of the project development prospects.

We will determine the project activities of the teacher and children in stages

Research objectives

specific for each age.

In early preschool age this is:

• children’s entry into a problematic play situation (the leading role of the teacher);
• activating the desire to look for ways to resolve a problem situation (together with the teacher);
• formation of initial prerequisites for research activities (practical experiments).

In older preschool age this is:

• formation of prerequisites for search activity and intellectual initiative;
• developing the ability to identify possible methods of solving a problem with the help of an adult, and then independently;
• developing the ability to apply these methods to help solve the problem, using various options;
• developing a desire to use special terms, conducting a constructive conversation in the process of joint research activities.

Thus, the project method in working with preschoolers today is an optimal, innovative and promising method that should take its rightful place in the preschool education system. The methodological foundations of project activities discussed above give an idea of ​​the high degree of adaptability of innovative technologies to the specifics of preschool educational institutions.

Using the project method in preschool education as one of the methods of integrated teaching of preschoolers can significantly increase children's independent activity, develop creative thinking, children's ability to independently find information about an object or phenomenon of interest in different ways and use this knowledge to create new objects of reality. It also makes the educational system of preschool educational institutions open to the active participation of parents.

The specificity of using the project method in preschool practice is that adults need to “guide” the child, help discover a problem or even provoke its occurrence, arouse interest in it and “draw” children into a joint project. Based on a person-centered approach to training and education, ultimately, it should contribute to the development of individual creative activity of teachers in the development of strategy, tactics and technology of the educational process, promote the personal development of students, and ensure high-quality results of teaching activities.

The promise of the project method in the preschool educational system is that it provides the opportunity to develop observation and analysis of phenomena, comparison, generalization and the ability to draw conclusions, creative thinking, logic of knowledge, inquisitiveness of mind, joint cognitive-search and research activities, communication and reflective skills and much more that are components of a successful personality.

Memo “Formation of a pedagogical project”

1. Pedagogical project, name, age group.
2. Relevance.

   Brief description of why there is a problem here and now?

3. Justification of the significance of the project.

   N.: insufficient knowledge of children about something...

4. Objective of the project.
5. Project objectives.
6. Pedagogical principles.

   This item is advisory in nature.

7. Project type.
8. Project type.
9. Project participants.
10. Duration.
11. Forms of project implementation.

    Direct educational activities.

12. Educational conversations, excursions, etc.
13. Productive activity.
14. Interaction with parents.

References:

1. https://detstvogid.ru/glavnaya-2 B.G. Golovina “Project activities in preschool educational institutions”
2. https://www.maam.ru/ M. Kasymova “Project activities in kindergarten.”
3. O.V. Tolstikova “Modern pedagogical technologies for the education of preschool children”, Ekaterinburg: State Autonomous Educational Institution of Further Professional Education SO “IRO”, 2014.-200 p.