Week of legal education for preschoolers “I am a child and I have rights”

• On the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children

CHILD'S RIGHTS (Rights of children) are those rights and freedoms that every child should have (every person under 18 years of age is considered a child), regardless of any differences: race, gender, language, religion, place of birth, national or social origin, property, class or other status.

Events at preschool educational institutions dedicated to the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children in 2022

• Conversation “For children about children’s rights”

• Conversation “Every child has a right”

• Video “I am a child, and I have the right!”

The definition of children's rights follows logically from the basic ideas of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Her separate article is dedicated to children. It states that “Motherhood and childhood give the right to special care and assistance.” Thus, while recognizing the equal rights of children to all the freedoms proclaimed in the declaration, the international community recognizes the need for additional assistance and support for children.

For the harmonious development of personality, a child must grow up in an atmosphere of love and kindness, in a family, among close and loving people. The task of adults is to help the child prepare for independent life, become a full member of society, and create conditions for the child to have normal physical and intellectual development.

The development of the concept of human rights led to the fact that children's rights were allocated to a special category. At the beginning of the 20th century, children's rights were generally viewed in the context of existing problems of child labor, child trafficking, and underage prostitution. The need to legislatively ensure the protection of children's health and protection of their rights prompted the League of Nations to adopt the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1924.

The next important step was the adoption by the UN of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1959, which proclaimed social and legal principles concerning the protection and well-being of children. In it about. The document consists of 10 provisions (principles, as they were called in the Declaration), recognition and compliance with which should allow “to ensure children a happy childhood.”

A child in the Russian Federation is a person under the age of 18 (the age of majority).

The rights of children in the Russian Federation are regulated by the following laws:

• “Convention on the Rights of the Child” (approved by the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1989, entered into force for the USSR on September 15, 1990);
• Constitution of the Russian Federation;
• Family Code of the Russian Federation;
• Federal Law of November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”;
• Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”;
• Federal Law of July 24, 1998 N 124-FZ “On the Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation”;
• Federal Law of December 21, 1996 N 159-FZ “On additional guarantees for social support for orphans and children without parental care”;
• Federal Law of November 24, 1995 N 181-FZ “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation.”

What rights does a child have under current legislation?

The child has the right to a first name, patronymic and last name, and citizenship.

The first name is given to the child by the parents, the middle name is given by the father’s name, the last name is given by the parents, or if the parents have different last names, then by mutual agreement the parents choose one of the last names.

If parents cannot come to a common opinion on the issue of the child’s first and last name, this issue is resolved by the guardianship and trusteeship authority.

Parents, until the child is 14 years old, can change his first or last name with the permission of the guardianship authority. If the child is 10 years old, changing his first or last name is possible only with his consent.

A child has the right to live and be raised in a family, with his parents, who must take care of his upbringing, education, and development.

The child has the right to communicate with both of his parents, as well as other relatives. Divorce of parents and their separation should not affect the rights of the child, even if one of the parents lives in another state.

Competent authorities may prohibit one of the parents (or both parents) from communicating with the child only if such actions are necessary to protect the rights and interests of the child.

The child has the right to protection of his rights and interests.

The responsibility to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the child rests with the parents or legal representatives, and in their absence, with the guardianship and trusteeship authorities.

If a child, before reaching the age of 18, is recognized as fully capable in accordance with the law, he has the right to independently defend his rights.

A child has the right to protection from abuse by his parents or legal representatives (guardians, trustees, etc.).

Abuse can be expressed in physical or psychological violence, insult, humiliation of a child, sexual harassment, intimidation of a child, etc. A child can independently apply to the guardianship and trusteeship authorities (and upon reaching the age of 14, directly to the court) with a demand to protect him from such abuse.

The child has the right to freely express his views on all issues that concern him and his family relationships.

The child's opinion may be heard in court hearings. Taking into account the opinion of a ten-year-old child in a court hearing is mandatory if this does not infringe on the rights of the child.

The child also has the right to express his own opinion in the form of receiving and transmitting any information, both in written and oral form (works of art and other means).

The child has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of association and assembly.

The child has the right to access information.

Information must have a favorable moral orientation and contribute to the full physical and mental development of the child. He must be protected from other information that is harmful to the well-being of the child, including at the legislative level.

In order to protect children from information harmful to their health and (or) development, Federal Law of December 29, 2010 N 436-FZ “On the protection of children from information harmful to their health and development” was adopted.

The child has the right to personal and family life, the inviolability of his home, the right to keep his correspondence, telephone conversations, and personal data secret.

In case of infringement or unlawful interference, the rights of the child are protected.

A child deprived of parents has the right to protection and assistance from the state.

For this purpose, adoption procedures are used, transfer to a foster family, or to appropriate social institutions created for the care, upbringing and education of children left without parents.

Parents, due to their physical and financial capabilities, are obliged to provide their child with the standard of living necessary for his physical and spiritual development. The state, in turn, is obliged to provide support to parents whose capabilities do not allow them to provide an adequate standard of living for their child.

For example, low-income families are provided with some guarantees and benefits. The state provides financial support and benefits to large families.

The child has the right to a full standard of living.

The child has the right to health care and medical care, and the use of the most advanced methods and services, as well as priority in the provision of medical services.

For these purposes, the child is provided with free medical care in state (municipal) institutions, including the prevention of various diseases, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation, sanatorium treatment and health improvement for children.

The child has the right to education.

Education should be aimed at the comprehensive development of the child’s personality, talents, physical and moral education.

Pre-school, basic general and secondary vocational education in state and municipal institutions is publicly available and free of charge.

A child can receive higher education by passing a competition. Subject to successful completion, higher education in state and municipal universities is also free.

A child has the right to rest and entertainment appropriate to his age, the right to participate in cultural events, and engage in creativity and art.

A child has the right to protection from exploitation, from performing work that is harmful to his physical or mental health, or that interferes with his education.

For this purpose, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes appropriate rules, in particular determining the age at which a child can be hired, the length of his working day, the prohibition of performing certain types of work, etc.

A child who is physically or mentally disabled has the right to special care and special conditions.

Such a child also has the right to a full and dignified life. The state provides such children with appropriate guarantees and benefits and provides their parents with financial assistance.

The child has property rights.

These include the right to receive maintenance from one's parents. A child has the right of ownership to income that he personally received, to property given to him, inherited or acquired with his personal funds.

He can dispose of this property according to the rules established by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 26 and 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

AdmirorGallery 4.5.0, author/s Vasiljevski & Kekeljevic.

All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children

Methodological recommendations for holding events dedicated to the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children (November 20)

Authors and compilers: Gubanova E.A., Zubkov V.G., methodologists of the State Budgetary Educational Institution State Medical Center Donetsk Medical Center
Explanatory note

The rights of the child are a set of children’s rights enshrined in international documents on children’s rights, which are also reflected in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation recognizes that childhood is an important stage in a person’s life, and the interests of children are one of the most important priorities of state policy.

The Declaration of the Rights of the Child was adopted by resolution 1386 (XIV) of the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1959, which contains ten basic principles guiding the actions of all those responsible for the implementation of children's rights (https://www.un.org/ru/documents/ decl_conv/declarations/childdec.shtml).

30 years later, on November 20, 1989, the Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted.

The International Declaration of the Rights of Children is an official document adopted by the international community, which sets out the responsibilities of an adult towards a child. The Declaration provides for the same rights for all minors in upbringing, education, physical and spiritual development, and it does not matter what race the child is, what language he speaks, what religion he professes, etc. The Convention determines the will of minors to receive education, to conduct rest and leisure, for the use of other services of states that are members of the UN and have signed this document. The Convention is the first and main international legal document defining the rights of minors.

Official UN documents recommend that all countries introduce the practice of celebrating World Children's Day on November 20 as a day of global brotherhood and mutual understanding of children, dedicated to activities aimed at ensuring the well-being of children around the world. As part of this day, events dedicated to children are held (open lessons, educational sessions, seminars, conferences, lectures, events, demonstrations and flash mobs, fundraising for orphanages and low-income families by charitable foundations). The main goal of this day is to attract public attention to legislative norms that ensure the favorable development and personality formation of minor members of society.

In accordance with the decision of the Government Commission on the implementation of Federal Law No. 324-FZ dated November 21, 2011 “On free legal assistance in the Russian Federation,” since 2013, the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children, dedicated to World Children’s Day, has been held annually in the Russian Federation.

The main goal of the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children is to provide legal assistance to orphans and children in difficult life situations, as well as to widely inform citizens about the possibilities of the free legal assistance system. On this day, free legal consultation centers on children's rights, guardianship, trusteeship and child-parent relations are organized in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition to providing free legal assistance, on this day additional events will be held to provide legal advice to children and their parents in educational organizations, as well as at public reception centers and free legal assistance centers in all regions of Russia.

Basic approaches to organizing events dedicated to the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children in educational organizations

Preventive work in an educational organization on legal education and upbringing of students is a means of preventing crime and combating negative manifestations in adolescents and youth. The education of a holistic personality that combines adherence to moral principles, spiritual and cultural wealth, and law-abidingness is impossible without legal education and legal education of the student.

The goal of legal education in an educational organization is the formation of a legal culture and legal knowledge.

On the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children, educational organizations are recommended to conduct legal literacy classes aimed at:

• focusing the attention of students, their parents and teachers on the rights and freedoms of the child as a full participant in legal relations;
• promoting the development of students’ interest in issues of legal education, their determination of their attitude to law as a public value;
• assisting schoolchildren in determining their own ideas about modern legal and moral values ​​of society.

Legal literacy classes can be organized as part of educational activities:

— studying the basics of legal knowledge in the lessons of the subject “The World Around us” in elementary school; — explanation of administrative and criminal legislation on the responsibility of minors for committing offenses in the lessons of the subjects “Social studies”, “Law”, “Lifestyle”; — study of the formation and development of law within the subject “History”.

In extracurricular work, during extracurricular activities, legal education activities can be of a varied nature:

1. Conversations, lectures for students on legal topics with the involvement of public organizations, representatives of law enforcement agencies, teachers and students of law faculties of higher educational institutions as lecturers, as well as the parent community.
2. Activities using interactive methods that ensure the personal participation of students in the proposed activities, the involvement of all participants in the discussion of the problems posed, which will contribute to the development of the ability to comprehensively analyze facts and phenomena, relying on acquired skills and accumulated experience.
3. Activities using game forms - role-playing and business games, discussion and acting out of problem situations taken from real life or artistic sources, mock trials, real-life legal situations. The use of dramatizations and role-playing games during such events makes it possible to diversify the learning process, motivate students to independently search for information, form a responsible attitude towards the task at hand, teach them to work in a team, express and competently defend their opinions.
4. Socially significant projects, competitions, events aimed at developing civil consciousness (preparing creative assignments, presentations, creating a video, conducting research, etc.).
5. Electronic form of legal education - organization of video lectures, conferences, use of information materials and various electronic resources, including MES, for organizing and conducting classes, extracurricular activities, etc.
6. Joint productive activity - students produce information and didactic materials: booklets, brochures, reference materials on the legal topics being studied.
7. Conducting meetings on legal advice to parents (legal representatives) on issues of children's rights with the involvement of representatives of school conciliation services, social services, law enforcement agencies, lawyers, as well as individual advice in the field of legal aspects of guardianship and child-parent relations for parents of students in difficult situations life situation, guardians (adoptive parents), legal representatives of children with disabilities.
8. Placing information on aspects of civil law culture in the public space of an educational organization.

Carrying out such events will not only improve the legal culture of all participants in educational relations, but will also form an active civic position in them.

When organizing legal education events, it is important to take into account not only the level of knowledge of students in matters of law, but also taking into account the age of the children. For example, at the level of primary general education, classes are based on game forms of work: quizzes, games, drawing competitions, posters, etc.; at the level of basic general education, when teaching children’s rights, the choice must be given to a set of cognitive and practical tasks that takes into account the interests and life experiences of students; At the level of secondary general education, it is better to choose the search and research method and activity practice.

Regulatory legal acts regulating the rights of children:

1. Declaration of the Rights of the Child.
2. Convention on the Rights of the Child.
3. Constitution of the Russian Federation.
4. Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
5. Family Code of the Russian Federation.
6. Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
7. Federal Law of July 20, 1998 No. 124-FZ “On the Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation.”
8. Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation.”
9. Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation.”
10. Federal Law No. 159-FZ of December 21, 1996 “On additional guarantees for social support for orphans and children without parental care.”
11. Federal Law of December 29, 2010 No. 436-FZ “On the protection of children from information harmful to their health and development.”

Methodological materials recommended for holding events on the All-Russian Day of Legal Assistance for Children:

— https://academy.mosmetod.ru/kollektsiya/konstitutsiya-osnovnoj-zakon-gosudarstva; — https://academy.mosmetod.ru/kollektsiya/pravovaya-norma; — https://academy.mosmetod.ru/kollektsiya/pravomernoe-povedenie-pravonarushenie; - https://academy.mosmetod.ru/kollektsiya/sistema-prava-i-sistema-zakonodatelstva-rossijskoj-federatsii; — https://academy.mosmetod.ru/kollektsiya/administrativnaya-otvetstvennost-nesovershennoletnikh; —https://academy.mosmetod.ru/kollektsiya/khuliganstvo-i-vandalizm-ot-prostupka-do-prestupleniya-chast-2; — https://life.mosmetod.ru/index.php/category/pravovye-situacii; — https://life.mosmetod.ru/index.php/category/pravo; — https://mosmetod.ru/centr/proekty/urok-v-moskve/obshchestvoznanie/ugolovnoe-pravo.html; — https://mosmetod.ru/centr/proekty/urok-v-moskve/obshchestvoznanie/konstitutsii-rf-osnovy-konstitutsionnogo-stroya-rossii.html; — https://mosmetod.ru/centr/proekty/urok-v-moskve/obshchestvoznanie/mezhdunarodnaya-zashchita-prav-cheloveka.html; — https://mosmetod.ru/metodicheskoe-prostranstvo/profilaktika-negativnykh-proyavlenij/metodicheskie-materialy/klassnyj-chas-na-temu-umej-skazat-net.html; — https://mosmetod.ru/metodicheskoe-prostranstvo/profilaktika-negativnykh-proyavlenij/metodicheskie-materialy/klassnyj-chas-po-profilaktike-pravonarushenij-sredi-nesovershennoletnikh-vysokaya-otvetstvennost.html;

Materials

PERSPECTIVE PLAN FOR LEGAL EDUCATION calendar and thematic planning on the topic

Long-term work plan.

Topic: “Legal education of preschool children”

Tasks:

— Creating conditions for the development of legal competence in children;

— familiarizing children in a form appropriate to their age with social and legal norms and rules of behavior;

- instilling in children a respectful and tolerant attitude towards people, regardless of their origin, language, gender, age;

- promoting the process of developing in children a sense of self-worth, their opinions and the skills of expressing them;

— providing the necessary assistance to families in matters of legal education of children. Confirm the feasibility of conducting such classes by educators.

Work with children.

Subject. Goals. Vocabulary.

September

1 “What is law?”

Introduce children to the concept of “Right”. Foster respect for human rights. Contribute to the education of legal culture. Rights, duties, state, declaration.

2. “Everyone has a name”

Formation of ideas about the name, traditions of naming people in accordance with age and the role of the name in a person’s life. First name, first names, last name, patronymic, age

October

1. "Family - seven selves." To deepen children’s understanding of family well-being and the protection of children’s rights by family members. Well-being, friendly family, relatives, love, care, respect, protection, responsibilities, rights

2. “Away is good, but home is better.” Formation of ideas about human needs for housing and the right to housing. House, apartment, rooms, residents, order, disorder, food, store, money.

November

1. “How to be friends without quarreling.” Formation of conflict-free behavior and communication skills in children. Good, evil, insult, deception, punishment, worry, get upset.

2. “I will stand for what is mine, but I will not take someone else’s.” Formation of ideas about property and personal belongings. Personal things, common things, someone else's, one's own, punishment, harm, take other people's things without permission (steal)

December

1. “Do I want or need it?” Development of independence and responsibility, formation of skills for joint activities, Help, action, care, courtship, resentment, forgiveness, friendship, friend, friendliness, sympathy.

2. “It is bad for him who does no good to anyone.” Formation of respectful attitude of children towards each other and skills of conflict-free behavior and communication. Resentment, quarrel, bad deed, evil, good, evil, greed, generosity.

January

1. “Whatever you don’t like, don’t do it yourself.” Reinforcing basic rules of behavior in kindergarten, developing skills of polite treatment and behavior. Respect, patience, attention, understanding, rules, kind, polite, attentive, responsive, non-greedy..

2. “Secrets of politeness.” Familiarization with the rules of polite attitude towards other people and development of polite treatment skills in children. Respect, rules, politeness, you, you, nickname, ridicule, polite words, goodbye, hello, etc.

February

1. “Children and adults.” Deepening understanding of the differences between people of different genders and ages and their social roles. Boy, girl, aunt, uncle, old man, old woman, age, help, care.

2. “Life is given for good deeds.” Cultivating a friendly attitude towards people. Respect, age, elderly, old age, childhood, help, good deeds.

March

1. “Who lives where?” Introducing children to different countries and peoples Country, peoples, geographical map, foreign, nationality, race, faith, similarities, differences

2. “My Motherland”. Formation of ideas about your country, the main city of Russia and respect for your small homeland. Country, homeland, Russia. Russians, capital, city, flag, coat of arms, territory.

April

1. “Work and rest.” Introduce the right to work and rest. To consolidate the understanding that every person needs both work and rest. Work, work, help, responsibilities, rest, child labor, adult labor.

2. “Learning to read and write is always useful.” Expand children's understanding of the role of education in the life of every person. Knowledge, learning, education, literate.

May

1. “Every little child should know this from the cradle.” Formation of safe behavior skills in children in relationships with adults and peers in public places Rules, violator, criminal, safety, attention, prohibited, death, injury. Diagnosis of the level of children’s mastery of knowledge and skills

Working with parents.

Working with teachers.

Literature:

1. Burkatskaya A. Reward and punishment // Child in kindergarten. – 2007. – No. 5

2. Gladkova Yu. Teacher and family. Problems of interaction // Preschool education. – 2008. – No. 4

3. Golitsina N.S., Ogneva L.D. Familiarization of older preschoolers with the Convention on the Rights of the Child. – M.: Publishing House Skriporiy 2003, 2005.

4. Davydova O. I., Vyalkova S. M. Conversations about responsibility and rights of the child. – M.: TC Sfera, 2008.

5. Danilina T. A., Lagoda T. S., Stepina N. M. How to introduce preschool children to the Convention on the Rights of the Child // Preschool Education Management. – 2002. – No. 6.

6. Doronova T. N. Interaction of a preschool institution with parents: A manual for employees of preschool educational institutions. – M., 2002.

7. Zelenova N. G., Osipova L. E. I am a child, I have the right. M.: Publishing House Skriporiy 2003, 2007.

8. Kopytova N. N. Legal education in preschool educational institutions. – M.: TC Sfera, 2006.

9. Shorygina T. A. Conversations about good and bad behavior. - M.: TC Sfera, 2007.