Non-traditional ways of working with plasticine as a means of preparing the hand for writing for children of senior preschool age

"Traditional and non-traditional modeling techniques"

Traditional and non-traditional modeling techniques.

Compiled by: teacher of MBDOU "DSOV No. 39"

According to the Federal State Educational Standards program for the educational field "Artistic and Aesthetic Development", the main task is aimed at developing in children an aesthetic attitude to the world, the accumulation of aesthetic ideas and images, the development of aesthetic taste, artistic abilities, and the development of various types of artistic activities. One of the directions of this educational field is “artistic creativity”. The main goal is to teach children to create creative works through various types of artistic and productive activities.

The more diverse children's activities are, the more successful the child's diversified development is, his potential capabilities and first manifestations of creativity are realized. In traditional pedagogy, drawing, modeling, and design are called productive activities; children create a “product” - a drawing, an appliqué, a mini-sculpture. Let's focus our attention on this type of activity as modeling.

Modeling is the most tangible form of artistic creativity. The child not only sees what he created, but also touches it, picks it up and changes it as necessary. In modeling, the scale of crafts is not determined by the format of the sheet, as in drawing and appliqué, or the size of the cubes, as in construction. It depends each time only on the child’s plan, on his skill and individual characteristics. In modeling, creative tendencies and abilities are realized even with a minimum of materials. From one lump of plasticine you can create an infinite number of images, each time finding new options and methods, even without the participation of a teacher and parent.

Modeling is a type of artistic activity that has many aspects. Based on content and theme, they distinguish between plot, subject, decorative and complex modeling.

In story modeling, children convey story compositions in which individual images are connected in one way or another: by meaning, by placement in space, by proportions, by dynamics, etc. In object modeling, children sculpt individual specific images. In decorative modeling, children create decorative items. In complex modeling, children arbitrarily or to solve a given artistic problem combine different methods of modeling.

According to the method of creating an image, the following types of modeling are distinguished: from memory, from idea, from design, from life, from a diagram, from a drawing, from a verbal description.

According to the way children are organized and the nature of their activities, modeling can be: individual, collective - in co-creation with adults or peers, complex (integrated), when modeling is combined with other types of artistic and cognitive activities, as well as with various games.

You can sculpt from carved plastic, environmentally friendly materials that are easy to handle, acquire the intended shape during the sculpting process and retain it for at least some time. These are clay, plasticine, dough, snow, wet sand, paper pulp.

Clay is the most plastic natural material suitable for modeling. It is elastic, neutral in color, which is important for the perception of shape. Old clay crafts can be reused. To do this, they need to be crushed, filled with water, etc. The suitability of clay for modeling is checked as follows: a small piece of clay is kneaded, rolled into a “sausage” and rolled into a ring. If the ring is cracked, it means the clay is dry and needs to be sprinkled with water or a little vegetable oil added. If the clay is too wet, you can leave it in the air for a while to allow some of the water to evaporate. The fashioned crafts are dried, fired, and then primed and decorated with paints.

Plasticine is an artificial material specially created for modeling and modeling. Plasticine is not as flexible as clay, but it has its advantages. A large selection of colors makes it possible to create multi-colored crafts and compositions.

Dough is another accessible material that is easy and enjoyable to sculpt with. And the dough is easy to wash off by hand. Crafts made from salt dough look like real masterpieces. But crafts made from salt dough need to be dried for a very long time and well. They can be varnished and stored for many, many years.

Children's creative work largely depends on the chosen modeling method. With the constructive sculpting method, the image is created from separate parts, like parts of a construction set (hence the name).

The sculptural method is sometimes also called plastic or sculpting from a whole piece. Sculptural is a more complex method of sculpting compared to constructive. Children usually need some explanation and demonstration of the technique.

The combined method combines two methods: constructive and sculptural. It allows you to combine the features of modeling from a whole piece and from individual parts.

Crafts made using the relief method represent a three-dimensional molded image on a plane. There are the following types of relief: bas-relief, high relief, counter-relief.

Work done in a modular manner is reminiscent of putting together a three-dimensional mosaic or constructing from identical parts. Another original way of sculpting is sculpting from rings. This method was used by folk craftsmen - potters.

Modeling from plates. Using this rarely used method, you can rationally, economically and fairly quickly create voluminous, hollow crafts. And modeling on the form. When, for example, plasticine is rolled out in an even layer, it is wrapped around the mold, the excess is cut off, the edges are joined and the seam is smoothed. Decorate with moldings or cut-out patterns.

The use of additional materials and tools depends on the material from which the work will be performed. This is a modeling board; stacks – wooden or plastic; napkins – paper and fabric; a bowl of water for wetting your fingers and napkins when sculpting with clay. Natural materials: shells, pebbles of different shapes and colors, leaves, fruits, branches, seeds, feathers. Factory produced stamps. Household items that give an imprint or imprint (corks, felt-tip pen caps, etc.). Cardboard, boxes, jars, lids, straws (cocktail), beads, buttons. Molds for dough or for playing with sand.

The most popular material used by teachers when working with children is plasticine. Modeling with plasticine is a type of art that is available for classes in kindergarten and school, as well as in club work and in the family. This material also arouses great interest among children. Using an unconventional technique for working with plasticine - plasticineography.

The concept of “plasticineography” has two semantic roots: “graphite” means to create, draw, and the first half of the word “plasticine” implies the material with which the plan is executed.

Plasticineography is a new type of decorative and applied art. It is the creation of stucco paintings depicting more or less convex, semi-volume objects on a horizontal surface. The main material is plasticine. It is possible to use combined techniques. For example, decorating the surface with beads, plant seeds, and natural materials. In some cases, using the plasticineography technique, a product is modified, which leads to the creation of original works. For example, a landscape is graphically depicted on a flat surface, and foreground details are depicted using plasticineography.

By doing plasticineography, general and fine motor skills of the hands develop, which in turn is one of the main stimulators of a child’s brain activity. The better the baby works with his fingers, the better he develops, the better he speaks and thinks.

Plasticineography makes it possible to solve not only practical problems, but also educational ones, which in general allows for the comprehensive development of a child’s personality. Children not only gain knowledge, skills, and abilities, but also at the same time consolidate the information received in direct educational activities in all educational areas of the “From Birth to School” program.

During plasticineography classes, children develop mental processes: attention, memory, imagination, thinking, perception, spatial orientation, sensorimotor coordination, that is, those significant functions that are necessary for successful learning at school, as well as creativity. Children learn to plan their work and complete it. Children are taught a culture of communication, norms of behavior, cognitive interest, independence, self-confidence, individuality, initiative, and the ability to work in co-creation.

“Plasticine” painting can rightfully be considered as a unique technique in modeling. Children are delighted to discover and create new colors and shades on their own. This enriches and diversifies the palette of plasticine, bringing modeling closer to painting. Conventionally, two methods can be distinguished: incomplete and complete mixing of pieces of plasticine of different colors in one lump. When different colors are not completely mixed, the result is a “marbled” color. When different colors are completely mixed, new colors or shades are obtained. It is necessary to show children a rational mixing technique: pinch off or cut pieces of the desired color, roll a piece of each color into a roller, connect the rollers and roll into one roller, fold this roller in half and roll out again, fold and roll out again. This operation must be continued until a uniform color is obtained. But first you can experiment with watercolor paints. This will help you learn that when mixed, yellow and red produce orange, blue and yellow produce green, and red and blue produce violet. Experience with gouache clearly shows that white helps create a whole range of shades of any color. You just have to change the proportions. The more white, the softer and lighter the color.

The advantage of plasticineography over sculpting three-dimensional figures is that a very beautiful and vivid plot can be created on a plane, and much less material will be needed.

When working with plasticine, a number of difficulties may arise:

plasticine that sits for a long time becomes hard, it is difficult to knead it and prepare it for work, especially with children’s fingers;

Plasticine contains fatty components, so greasy stains appear on paper or other bases over time.

All these troubles can be avoided if you follow the following recommendations;

Warm up hard plasticine before direct educational activities.

When working with plasticine, you should use thick cardboard as a base, not thin sheets of paper, so that it does not deform when performing techniques of pressing, smearing, smoothing,

flattening while securing an object to a horizontal surface. It is better to use varnished cardboard.

To ensure that the picture does not lose its attractiveness over time, the base with or without a pre-drawn outline should be covered with tape. This will help avoid the appearance of greasy stains. It is easier to work on a slippery surface and using a stack it is easier to remove excess plasticine without leaving marks. The contours in this case are made with a regular felt-tip pen, which can also be easily erased with a damp cloth if the child suddenly makes a mistake in depicting the object. If it is not possible to cover the base with tape, the outline is drawn with a simple pencil.

If the work is performed as a gift or to decorate a group room, it is recommended to cover the surface of the composition made of plasticine with colorless varnish. The plasticine under the varnish film hardens over time, the product becomes more durable and retains its brightness, and it is easier to remove dust from the varnished surface.

There must be a cloth wet napkin for hands on the child’s desk so that he can use it at any time, and after completing the work, first wipe his hands with a napkin and then wash them with soap and water.

Working with plasticine requires physical effort, so in the process of doing it, children need rest in the form of physical education and warm-ups. When carrying out direct educational activities, it is important that it contains not only educational information, but is also full of games, physical education, finger gymnastics, game situations,

Plasticineography should be taught in order of increasing complexity: it is better to start with simple, small-sized images and gradually move on to creating more complex ones. By making plasticine images, children gradually master the techniques of “drawing” with plasticine, namely: pinching, rolling, unrolling, flattening, sticking, pressing, smearing, pressing, smearing, smearing. All types of plasticine printing are successfully used: direct, stained glass, contour, multilayer, modular, mosaic, textured. Children will gradually learn to create interesting thematic pictures with their own hands, which they can give to their loved ones and friends. If you successfully master the technique of drawing with plasticine, you can perform group work.

You can store children's masterpieces made on cardboard in regular files, stapled in a folder. Can be beautifully framed.

Bibliography

From birth to school. Approximate general education program

preschool education framework /

Edited by N.E. Veraksy, T.S. Komarova, M.A. Vasilyeva. – M.: MOZAYKA-SYNTHESIS, 2014. – 368 p.

Lykova I.A. We sculpt, we fantasize, we play. – OOOTC “Sfera”, 2000.

Davydova G.N. Plasticineography. Animal painting. LLC Publishing House "Scriptorium 2003", 2008.

Smirnova T.V. Artistic and aesthetic development of children 5-6 years old. Plasticineography classes. Publishing house "Teacher", Volgograd, 2014,

Tools needed for the lesson

Modeling, like every type of art, requires special training and specific tools. In kindergarten, each child should have his own individual devices for this activity.

So, what will you need:

• modeling board;
• material from which the figures will be sculpted (plasticine, dough, clay);
• water;
• clean rags;
• stacks.

And also a prerequisite is the small palms and fingers of a smart child, whether he is in the younger group or the older one - it doesn’t matter!

During the lesson, the teacher will first tell the kids in the group an entertaining, and maybe an instructive story about a hero who will later be asked to sculpt.

After the fairy tale, the teacher, in a playful way, will show each child in the group the already molded main character of the fairy tale. Kids will immediately want to independently sculpt the same character out of plasticine, but their own, individual one! And here the teacher faces a difficult task: to gradually tell, show, explain and teach each child:

1. Using various techniques, independently make individual blanks of various shapes from plasticine.
2. Using known methods, connect the newly sculpted parts together into one three-dimensional figure.
3. Teach kids to place ready-made figures on a special stand (board), using already known methods.
4. If the group lesson is supposed to be plot-based, then it is necessary to teach the child to come up with or choose a plot for his composition, plan where each character will be, what he will look like, what will happen between the characters in the plot, and then begin making individual parts. Such an activity will take more than one lesson, so for unfinished compositions it is necessary to find a place where the work will wait for its next “incarnation”.
5. During the decorative lesson, the teacher will teach the kids, using fairly simple techniques (rolling a flagellum, a ball), to decorate a ready-made “freshly sculpted” object in a folk-applied style.

So, step by step, lesson by lesson, kids will learn to create, receive real aesthetic pleasure, and discover the world of the most beautiful fine arts.

For the little ones

Who said that plot application is difficult? Even the younger group can cope with some types of applications. Now we will create a beautiful basket with flowers in it.

What we may need for the application:

• Colored thin paper;
• Cardboard;
• Pencil;
• Stencils;
• Glue.

Glue the basket to a thicker paper base or cardboard. Then our difficult volumetric paper applique will hold firmly. Let's start creating.

Step 2. Using a stencil, cut out circles from a sheet of paper. A stencil can be different objects: small cups, coins, round bottles, cups.

We take paper of bright colors, since the pictures should be colorful and joyful. Just the right entertainment for children 2-3 years old, exactly what they love.

Step 3. Place a pencil on the colored part, in the middle of the circle, and wrap paper around it. In order for us to get voluminous applications, it is enough to even slightly press the circles against the rod.

Step 4. Without removing the pencil, dip the center of the future bell or orchid into glue and press it with a pencil. You can continue and stick a second circle of smaller diameter into the very center in the same way to create voluminous poppies and daisies.

Chick

Kids think abstractly; for them, such a trifle as the color or shape of a character does not matter if his image conveys child-like emotions. But how can you make an applique just like this so that your baby feels a kindred spirit? Here's a great example of this!

Meet Tsypa! Him:

• Body - square;
• Eye – 2 circles (black and white, and a little more white);
• Beak - triangle;
• The paws are also triangular;
• The wing is a semicircle;
• Tuft - crescent.

Now, trust the little one, let him choose what color will be! Explain what each figure means and why the bird needs it. Isn't that interesting? So, finding the right stencils for applications is already a game. All that remains is to glue everything together!

Bouquet

These are not just flowers, but a structure that will stand. In this case we will make all parts of the plant. The flowers, leaves and stems themselves. Children in the middle group will master this simple applique very quickly.

We fold the green leaf in half so that the colored part is on the outside. Edge to edge. We secure them

It is very important not to bend it too much, just run your hand lightly in the middle.

Now you can make cuts from the middle to the edges of the sheet, not reaching the edge by approximately 1.5-2 cm.

We roll the sheet into a tube and fasten its corners at the bottom one to the other. Produces a stable structure

We slightly spread the “petals” of the bouquet at the top.

It will not be difficult to cut out flowers of different colors. They will be nicely decorated with centers that can be made round, heart-shaped, and even triangular or square.

We attach the flowers to the edges of the stems at the top. The bouquet is ready, you can give it as a gift!

Lilac

Probably, a broken applique is the sweetest and most tender thing you can imagine. She just looks so fluffy that I can’t believe it was all created. A torn applique achieves this effect due to small uneven parts assembled into one composition.

• Background
  . There are 2 simple ways to create it. 1) decorate cardboard with paints; 2) or, take colored paper and glue it to a more durable base. You can paint and glue using one, two or more colors.
• Vase
  . Any shape and color is cut out and glued to the background sheet.
• Stems and leaves.
  The cut applique will look even more delicate if you use corrugated paper for the secondary parts of the picture, such as leaves and stems. Cut out thin strips and small leaves. We glue the stems immediately.
• Lilac.

  It is very true when the inflorescences, consisting of many small flowers, are made in the style of broken appliqué. This will allow you to depict flowers more realistically. First, we determine the shape and size of the inflorescences. Cut out the silhouette of each of them from a colored napkin. Attach above the stem. Cut the napkins into small squares. We crumple some of them. Others - we tear into several parts before crumpling them up. This is a material for crafts in the cut-out applique format.

  Lubricate the silhouette of the inflorescences with glue. We press each lump against the silhouette, tightly collecting one against the other, so that there is no gap between them.

The finishing touches. Leaves and volume. Add leaves to the composition.

And now, so that the broken applique acquires volume, in watercolor, in the color of the inflorescences, only a little darker or lighter in tone, we make a few strokes directly on top of the flowers. The work is done, all that remains is to admire the result and praise the kid for his ideas and work!

Hedgehog

Applications for the little ones are creativity, where the abilities of even the tiniest fidget are taken into account. And this example with the “hedgehog” is just right for toddlers who, by the age of three, still cannot cut and glue, but they will be great at participating in the work. How?

1. There are two options for preparing to make this applique for kids.First

   . We trace the baby's palm on a sheet of black or brown paper. Cut it out. Glue it. Four palms will be enough.

   Second option

   . Or we use finger paints. The child dips his palm, and we help him put his palm in this way several times, at different angles in the upward direction, to make a fan.

2. Cut out something like a boat from paper of the same color. This is the body and nose of the hedgehog (cut out a small circle and glue the “nose” to the edge of the muzzle).
3. We place the body under the “needles”.
4. You can draw a mouth and an eye, or make semicircles from red and white paper. Don't forget about the pupils.
5. Paper applications would be incomplete without a plot. We come up with a story with the baby. Our hedgehog is coming from the forest, so we’ll cut out and glue his “prey”: an apple and a mushroom.
6. We complement the paper applique with small black paws.

Books for laptops

Books (notebooks) inside a laptop can be of several types:

• Regular, with pages of the same size. To diversify them, you can make shaped books - “babies”, by cutting out and fastening several pages in the shape of a snowman, an apple, or a house.
• Accordion books. They are easy to make by attaching the selected template to accordion-folded paper or cutting out a finished shape.
• Books with pages of different sizes. They are extremely simple to make; you just need to fold and fasten the sheets of paper so that each top one is 0.8–1 cm smaller than the previous one along the bottom or side edge.

The benefits of applications in child development

Applique is the gluing of something onto any surface. Most often, children glue colorful paper onto cardboard.

This type of creativity can be done with kids. From the age of one year, with the help of adults, a child can glue various elements onto paper or cardboard. The older the child, the less he needs the help of an adult.

The benefits of this type of creativity, as well as others, are enormous.

By doing such painstaking work, the child learns patience, develops perseverance, trains attention, and shows accuracy when cutting out parts. Cutting, applying glue, and gluing itself very well develop fine motor skills of a child’s hands.

Application on paper

The benefits of the application in the development of mental abilities

• the child gets acquainted with the concepts of shape, color, texture
• compares parts and finds the same ones
• teaches differences in the size of parts, small-large
• shows imagination and creativity in the creation of his works
• sees the main thing among the secondary
• finds parts of a whole and learns to assemble them

In addition, the child receives satisfaction from the result of his work, learns to do something himself and give his crafts or decorate the house with them.

Materials for application

• special kits are sold with ready-made parts and base
• you can draw the details yourself and cut them out
• You can also find diagrams on the Internet, print them and cut them out
• you will also need a base, it can be white or colored cardboard, whatman paper, just paper, paper with some drawings or an interesting texture
• glue, scissors

Materials for application

Sequence of actions for practicing paper appliqué

1. Come up with a picture or story of what you want to get as a result. At the same time, take into account the desires of the child and his gender.
2. Cut out the parts you need
3. Stick them on the base
4. Complete the work and don’t forget to praise your child.

Application with cereals

Cereals are a safe natural material for activities with children. Applications with cereals are good because they do not require special tools, you only need a base, glue and cereal.

• Cereals can be painted in different colors, so the child will learn them
• Cereals are good for irritating the nerve endings in the fingers and promote the development of fine motor skills.
• A child learns new material through tactile sensations

Application with cereals

There are two techniques for working with cereals:

1. Sprinkling. To do this, you need to spread glue or stick double-sided tape on the base in the right place and ask the child to sprinkle it with cereal - it will stick
2. Indentation. Stick plasticine on the base in the right place and press the cereal into it