Healthy lifestyle skills in preschool children

1.What is a healthy lifestyle

Healthy lifestyle – healthy lifestyle. Nowadays it is very popular to lead a healthy lifestyle. People now look differently at nutrition, sports and attitude towards their body.

Leading a healthy lifestyle is not an easy task. Because in our modern world there are a lot of temptations.

A person wants to experience pleasure from sweets and baked goods. I want to spend my day off lying on the couch. Have a beer with friends in the evening.

At such moments our brain rests. The moral and physical fatigue accumulated over the week is released.

But the body does not experience any benefit at all. Have you ever thought about this?

It seems to you that after spending the weekend at home, in sleepy fly mode, you have rested. But your body has 100% gained 100-200 grams of fat and stored it in its bins.

You won’t notice it at all, but after just six months of living at this pace, you will add 2-3 extra pounds.

It has long been proven that gaining weight is easy, but getting rid of it is the opposite. We don’t have enough willpower, spirit, or anything else for this.

Our body is a complex machine that requires constant monitoring. I relaxed a little and everything around me hung, blurred and flooded with fat.

The body needs constant cleaning, replenishment with useful substances, and of course it needs movement.

For our body, the primary is nutrition, the secondary is movement, and the tertiary is water.

A healthy lifestyle consists of these three main things.

3. Physical development of the child

If your baby is growing and developing normally and you have no medical contraindications, then it is necessary to instill in your child a love of sports.

From an early age, many parents send their children to various sports sections: dancing, swimming, karate, football, hockey, figure skating and others.

A child who plays sports in the future will have an advantage over those children who do nothing.

Regular training develops discipline in a person. In addition, training strengthens muscles, develops physical strength, and strengthens the immune system.

Sports people always delight the eyes of others, be it a man or a woman.

People who live by sports are very responsible and persistent in achieving their goals. This is what their coaches and mentors teach them from childhood.

Undoubtedly, such qualities are very necessary in adult life. They will help a person even when he stops playing sports.

Therefore, developing a child in the physical sense is a very good activity.

Morning work-out

But I also want to note that, in addition to sports sections, a child needs to know that even daily morning exercises are of great importance for human health.

If you start every morning with basic exercises, your body will be alert and fit even if you do not exercise regularly.

I also include hardening as part of a child’s physical development. This is a process that needs to start from early childhood. It is undoubtedly useful for developing immunity.

Hardening gives the body good spirits and resistance to various viruses and infections.

Hygiene

An integral part of physical development is hygiene. Teach your child to take care of his own body from an early age.

Regular bathing, hand washing, well-groomed washed hair, and trimmed fingernails and toenails give a neat appearance.

A teenager must be taught to regularly visit the bathhouse. Because this is where waste, salts and toxins leave the body.

It is always more pleasant to communicate with a beautiful, well-groomed person.

Healthy lifestyle rules for children

It is better to teach a child from childhood to live, observing the principles of a healthy lifestyle, but you need to try to make them seem natural and not imposed from the outside. Pay attention to the following aspects of your child's life:

Daily regime
. It’s good if you managed to establish a certain routine in the house, and the child knows exactly when he should go to bed, get up, have breakfast or lunch, when there is time for games, and when he needs to complete some tasks around the house or school, but do not forget that the regime needs to be reviewed. The child grows, and his needs change, therefore, the daily routine must also change. Also, don't forget to take biological rhythms into account. If your child is a night owl, then you shouldn’t torture him with getting up early unless absolutely necessary; some tasks, including sports, can be moved to the evening.
Full sleep
. Many adults remember their childhood and “quiet hours” with nostalgia. The need for sleep also changes with age; small children under 5-6 years old are recommended to sleep about 10 hours a day; schoolchildren need 8-9 hours. You should try to provide your child with the opportunity to rest peacefully, but you should not force him to sleep.
Fresh air
. Children should breathe fresh air not only from the window. Walking is useful, and even if the weather is not pleasant, there is no need to cancel the walking promenade. If possible, you should walk in green areas, and not on noisy and dirty streets. Owners of country houses and summer cottages should think about arranging a sleeping area in the fresh air. where the child can rest.
Sports
. Setting sports records is given to a select few, but physical activity is beneficial for everyone; playing sports develops endurance, strengthens bones and muscles, helps control weight and burn extra calories. Perhaps in childhood the child will not realize the benefits of training, but the habit of playing sports will definitely be useful in the future.
Proper nutrition
. It can be very difficult to feed a child healthy food; when preparing a child’s diet, you can use the “smart plate” method. About half of the serving should be non-starchy vegetables: cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, spinach, broccoli, etc. Another quarter is given to starch-containing products, this can be bread, porridge, corn, etc. The remaining quarter of the plate will be taken up by lean meat or fish. As a dessert, children will benefit from fruits and dairy products. This approach to feeding a child will help him receive the necessary vitamins and microelements for normal growth.
Control over mental and emotional state
. The emotional state of a child is strongly influenced by the situation in his family. If a child has to see parents quarrel and experience stress due to too strict rules, then he will grow up withdrawn and unsociable. Stress can also cause some childhood illnesses. In order for a child to grow and develop harmoniously, a friendly atmosphere must be maintained in the family, the child must feel love and support from adults. And remember that live communication cannot be replaced even by the most modern gadgets.

4. Social development of the child

We are born and live in society. It is impossible to live without human communication.

It’s not for nothing that we send our children to kindergartens from an early age. There, in addition to mental and physical development, the child learns to exist in the human environment.

Knowing how to communicate with other people is a whole science.

The look, facial expressions, timbre of voice, position of the body and hands can tell us a lot. We can understand whether this person wants to communicate with us now or not. We can feel the person who is evil now and the person who is kind.

A child should know the culture of communication from childhood. Must understand when and with whom he is talking. When is it okay to start a conversation and when is it better not to do so?

From an early age, a child learns to make friends. When entering a kindergarten group, children arrive alone. As a rule, almost every child plays by himself.

Why is this happening? Because while the child does not understand and does not know anything about society and how to deal with it.

Growing up, the child begins to look for a play partner. Children are trying to agree on something, for example, who will play with the car and who will play with the bucket and spatula.

As a result, children find friends. They learn to share toys and ask permission to take another child’s toy.

This is how the child subconsciously develops communication skills.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children

“I’m not afraid to repeat again and again: caring for health is the most important work of a teacher.”.

V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle should begin already in kindergarten and it must be remembered that a person’s lifestyle does not develop on its own depending on circumstances, but is formed throughout life purposefully and constantly.

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or physical defects” (E. I. Torokhova, 1999).

A healthy lifestyle is the forms and methods of daily human activity that strengthen and improve all the capabilities of the body.

In recent years, there has been enormous interest in the problem of individual human health. The health of our children is of particular concern, since physical data indicate that the health of our younger generation is far from meeting either the needs or potential capabilities of modern society.

Preschool childhood is the most favorable period for developing the right habits, which, in combination with teaching preschoolers methods of improving and maintaining health, will lead to positive results. The problem of children's health is the purposeful work of the entire team of teachers and parents

Taking care of raising a healthy child is a priority in the work of our preschool institution. A healthy and developed child has good body resistance to harmful environmental factors and resistance to fatigue, and is socially and physiologically adapted.

Therefore, the main tasks for preserving and strengthening the health of children in kindergarten are the formation of their ideas about health as one of the main values of life, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, and teach the child the right choice in any situation, only what is beneficial for health and the rejection of everything harmful. Instill in your child the right attitude towards their health and a sense of responsibility for it. These tasks must be solved by creating a holistic system to preserve the physical, mental and social well-being of the child.

The main means of achieving this task is the formation of a culture of healthy lifestyle (HLS).

In such a system, three subjects must interact: family, child, teacher. It is necessary not only for children to form the foundations of a healthy lifestyle, motives, concepts, beliefs in the need to preserve one’s health and strengthen it, it must begin with the family. Only with the joint purposeful activities of parents and teachers can positive dynamics of indicators characterizing the health of children and their orientation towards a healthy lifestyle be ensured.

Interaction with teachers is carried out through joint holding of holidays and leisure activities for children, obtaining the necessary consultations, organizing musical accompaniment and methodological recommendations. Organization of teachers' councils and selection of literature in the methodological room.

Relationships with parents are carried out through their involvement in leisure and sports and recreational activities of the kindergarten - preparation and holding of holidays, exhibitions, theatrical performances. An important condition for effective educational work in order to increase parents’ knowledge about healthy lifestyles is the organization of consultations, practical classes and visual propaganda for them. Involving parents in replenishing the development environment.

The concept of health-saving space includes:

improved quality of the air environment on the territory and in the premises of the kindergarten (the air pool is protected by planting combined tree and shrub strips, which, in turn, do not impede the ventilation of playgrounds; regular one-way and cross-ventilation is carried out in the premises, the premises are treated with a “Quartz” )
hardening procedures with water and air (air procedures after sleep, light-air baths during walks in the warm season, washing with cool water, salt baths for the feet, contrast hardening of the hands, rinsing the mouth after meals, barefoot walking on massage mats and wet towels, acupressure foot massage)
for medical reasons, they conduct exercise therapy classes (therapeutic and recreational massage, aroma and herbal medicine)

- creating a developmental environment in the group (health corners are set up, book corners are decorated with coloring books and didactic games on the topic, albums with photographs of children, walks, hardening procedures, etc.).

An integral part of the health-saving space are exhibitions of literature on the topic, as well as posters made together with children, and information stands for parents.

Classes with children should be systematic and comprehensive, evoke positive emotional reactions in the child, and be carried out in a playful way. In addition, the materials of such classes should be reflected in all routine moments (educational classes, daily routine, physical education classes, educational classes, general events for the entire kindergarten). Therefore, a kindergarten should be a “healthy lifestyle school” for children, where any of their activities has a health-improving and pedagogical orientation, helps to develop their habits, and then the needs for a healthy lifestyle, the formation of skills in making independent decisions regarding maintaining and strengthening their health.

Working with children is based on the following general didactic principles:

the principle of scientificity and reliability - the content of information offered to schoolchildren must be based on scientific facts, personal experience and sensory sensations of children.
principle of accessibility - the information presented is adapted to the perception of preschool children.
- the principle of clarity and entertainment - educational material should arouse interest and emotional response in children.
the principle of conformity with nature - the forms and methods of forming ideas about healthy lifestyle in preschoolers are determined on the basis of holistic psychological and pedagogical knowledge about the child, the peculiarities of the development of his cognitive activity.
the principle of an individually differentiated approach - the pedagogical process is focused on the individual and typological characteristics of the personal and cognitive development of each child and the group as a whole.
the principle of an integrated and integrative approach - the formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle is carried out through various types of activities of children in the system of educational processes, it is assumed that various types and forms of work with children, teachers and parents are used, the completion of each type of work and monitoring of results.
the principle of activity and consciousness - the formation of the child’s subjective activity in terms of awareness of the impact of various factors on health and the need for behavior aimed at improving health.

The following groups of methods are used when working with children:

Visual methods include observations, demonstrations, viewing video materials, illustrations, exhibitions of visual arts, and exhibitions of posters.

Direct perception of objects and phenomena during observations contributes to the development of perception and mental activity in preschoolers. Demonstration involves showing methods of action in situations aimed at improving health and developing practical healthy lifestyle skills. Watching video materials contributes to the formation of correct self-esteem in preschoolers and the consolidation of correct ideas about a healthy lifestyle. The arsenal of means of influence is also expanded by visual propaganda in the form of posters on healthy lifestyle topics.

Verbal methods include teacher stories, conversations, explanations, and problem-based learning methods.

Stories and conversations should be aimed at providing preschoolers with the necessary information about health and healthy lifestyle, clarifying and systematizing existing ideas. Conversations can be accompanied by experiments and observations of children. The explanation is carried out in order to explain the influence of various environmental factors on health, to establish the relationship between various manifestations of a healthy lifestyle and health. Modeling children's behavior in the surrounding social environment of the city is facilitated by the presentation of problem situations, the formulation of situational tasks, and problematic questions, which contributes to preschoolers' independent choice of alternative solutions and activity planning.

Practical methods include experiments, exercises, subject-based practical activities, and productive activities of children.

The creation of a positive attitude of preschoolers is facilitated by various ways of organizing children's activities, establishing emotional and personal contacts between teachers and preschoolers, using a variety of techniques to attract children's attention (creating an unusual environment, the appearance of a fairy-tale character, using the means of pedagogical skill - facial expressions, pantomimes, strength and timbre of voice, etc. d.)

To consolidate children’s ideas about health and healthy lifestyle, they use techniques that involve placing the child in the position of a subject of activity, for example in situations such as “Little Teacher” or “Telephone Advice .

The necessary conditions follow from the principles and methods of working with children

To effectively work on the formation of basic ideas about a healthy lifestyle:

availability of reported information about the biological, social, environmental and behavioral components of a healthy lifestyle
adherence to the principles of clarity, consistency, systematicity, gradual complication of the material
implementation of educational work based on the subject-practical and productive activities of preschool children, enriching their sensory experience, developing the skills to observe, analyze, generalize, and establish cause-and-effect relationships between events

It should also be noted that each participant in the process must be a personal example for children, maintain a single line of behavior and fulfill the basic requirements that apply to children and other participants in the pedagogical process.

A special place should be given to working with parents. The family plays an important role; together with the kindergarten, it is the main social structure that ensures the preservation and strengthening of children’s health. Introducing them to the values of a healthy lifestyle.

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5.How to develop healthy lifestyle skills in preschool children

Only those parents who themselves lead a healthy lifestyle can develop healthy lifestyle skills in their children. And that's a fact.

If a mother leads a sedentary lifestyle, after work she runs not to the gym, but to the store for semi-finished products, then unfortunately, the child will develop exactly the same ideas about life.

If dad comes home from work and collapses on the sofa and watches TV all evening, then the little son will think that this is how adult life should be.

Therefore, to begin with, healthy lifestyle skills must be developed by parents.

Children copy mom and dad from a very early age. The way they speak and gesture—children absorb it like a sponge.

Why do children swear? Because they hear it from the environment. Why do children clink glasses after the weekend when they come to kindergarten for breakfast? Because that's how my parents spent their weekend.