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- About the red book
Red is the color of anxiety and at the same time the desire for life.
It lists representatives of the animal and plant world: rare ones and those that are in danger of extinction. Back in 1902, the International Convention for the Conservation of Birds was signed in Paris - the predecessor of the modern Red Book. And in 1928 the idea of such a publication was voiced.
In 1963, the International Union for Conservation of Nature published the first International Red Book, listing mammals and birds. They published it in two volumes, designed like a calendar with a red cover, the pages of which can be thrown over. The book was distributed by mail.
The second publication, now with a list of reptiles, also in a modest circulation, was published from 1966 to 1971.
The third publication was published in mass circulation, the book has already been sold.
The fourth publication was published between 1978 and 1980. There is no newer edition yet.
The International Red Book is not a mandatory document.
The first Red Book of the USSR was published in 1978. In its two parts, only vertebrate land animals, birds, amphibians and reptiles are named. The list of plants is presented in the second volume. Essentially, this publication is a program for the conservation and rescue of endangered species.
The next publication, 1984, is also a two-volume, but significantly expanded edition. Lists of fish, arthropods, mollusks and annelids are included for the first time.
In 2001, the Red Book of the Russian Federation was published. It has 860 pages, the publication contains color illustrations and habitat diagrams. Along with invertebrates, this publication lists 434 taxa, that is, groups of organisms that have some commonality. The book has the force of an official document. Each subject of the federation develops its own based on it. In 2015, the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea was published.
The Red Book is intended to draw people's attention to the decline in species of flora and fauna, characterize these species and promote their renewal.
Many countries in Europe, Central and Southeast Asia, the USA, Australia, and Japan have similar publications.
There are also the Red Book of the World and red lists. Their purpose is the same: to convey information about species that are at risk of extinction. In addition to these books and lists, there is also the Green Book (a list of rare typical plant groups) and the Black Book (a list of species that became extinct after 1500).
From the pages of a textbook
This project work completes a large section of the textbook called “Nature”. And the “red book” is the name of one of the paragraphs of this section.
Let's see what is required of us?
ABOUT! Our good friends are Seryozha and Nadya, inquisitive inhabitants of the textbook. They did something again. Or rather, they did. This time the guys came up with their own Red Book. They placed insects, plants, and animals on her pages. And our children are encouraged to do the same.
That is, you need not to repeat the real, really existing Red Book, but to make your own. It turns out that you can add into it not only those animals and plants that are already under protection, but also any others you want. Well, this expands our capabilities.
In what form should the project be presented? It seems like they are asking to make a Red Book. And the Red Book is, strictly speaking, a book.
But! In the workbook, space is also reserved for this project. This means that it can be done in a notebook.
Let's start with it.
Birds
The large territory of the country is conducive to the settlement of various natural areas by all kinds of birds. About 100 species are listed in the KKRF. Many of them are common in national parks, game reserves and nature reserves.
black crane
Most black cranes nest in the country. The birds form several populations, whose habitats extend from the Central Siberian Plateau to the Sikhote-Alin.
black crane
The number of black cranes around the world is about 11,000. They feed on a variety of foods - both animal and plant foods. They prefer swampy areas and woody vegetation.
The population of black cranes is most actively threatened by human economic activities in the habitat areas of these birds. They migrate to Japan, where living conditions are quite good, but epidemics occur regularly.
Interesting fact : the black crane is the least studied among its relatives. The species was discovered only in 1974.
Siberian Crane
The Siberian Crane (white crane) is distributed exclusively in Russia, and in the form of two separate populations - eastern and western. They are very demanding of living conditions and prefer an aquatic lifestyle. Because of this, maintaining the appearance is quite difficult. The number of West Siberian Siberian Cranes is 20 individuals, and the total number in the world is up to 3000.
Siberian Crane
Difficulties also arise during migrations. The birds head to China, where the areas are too urbanized - the swamps are dried up, the land is used for agriculture. In order to preserve the population, ornithologists from different countries, including the Russian Federation, are working together on the special project “Sterkh” - they are looking for new ways to restore the number of birds.
Steppe Harrier
The steppe harrier is a relatively small migratory bird. Distributed in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Belongs to the predators. Prefers natural areas such as steppe, forest-steppe and semi-deserts.
Steppe Harrier
Birds often move within their range, so it is difficult to determine their numbers in the Russian Federation. The number of individuals in the world is about 40 thousand. The species is considered rare and endangered.
Steppe harriers have several natural enemies (eagles, imperial birds). Also, significant damage to their habitats is caused by human influence - the destruction of vegetation in meadows and thickets of bushes in the steppe. The total number of birds in Russia is about 5000.
White seagull
Ivory gulls make nests on the sea coasts of the Arctic Ocean. The only representatives of their kind. The exact number of individuals has not been established, as have the reasons for the decline in the species. Currently, the ivory gull is at low risk of extinction, but still needs protection.
White seagull
Possible factors negatively affecting the population are global warming, illegal hunting, unfavorable environmental conditions. The diet of seagulls consists of crustaceans and fish.
Black-throated Loon
The black-throated loon is a member of the loon genus. Birds live in the northern part of Russia. They prefer to build nests in reservoirs, as well as in the tundra zone. Lately, loons have noticeably moved north.
Black-throated Loon
This was influenced by human activity - fishing and actively developing tourism in the coastal zone. The increase in the number of birds is hampered by predators that actively hunt for their eggs. Loons are also often caught in fishing nets.
Project protection
What does it mean to protect a project? This means giving a short presentation of your work in front of the class. Pick up (in this case) a notebook, go to the board, speak briefly on the topic of work, adhering to a pre-planned plan.
The main thing is not to go too deep. 5 minutes is the maximum maximum! There are many people who are passionate about, as well as those who are forced to))) defend their work in the classroom. So save your time. The lesson, as they say, is not rubber-stamp.
The hardest thing is to start. Why? And from the definition of the Red Book, which is already written in the workbook. This will be a great short introduction that will easily flow into the first point of our plan.
In practice it might look like this:
Great! A start! The first point of the plan has been completed. Let's try to move on to the second, which involves telling a story about the benefits that the “residents” of the project bring.
There are 12 “inhabitants” in our book. There is no need to talk about everything during the presentation. Four will be enough.
But! It is necessary to know about the benefits of the remaining eight. Don’t forget that defending a project involves answering questions from listeners. One of your classmates may ask about the benefits of a specimen not mentioned in the presentation. So, be prepared for this.
Well, we still have the final point of the plan about ways to protect animals and plants.
If you think about it, it turns out that the methods of protection are universal for all representatives of ours, and any other Red Book.
- Do not kill (do not pull out, do not trample, do not chop if we are talking about plants).
- Help in difficult times (for example, feed or treat).
- Do not pollute, take care of nature (do not litter, do not burn fires in forests, do not dump waste into rivers and lakes, install treatment facilities on factory pipes, etc.)
- Restore (plant trees, go to cleanup days, etc.)
It is clear that a child will not go to a factory and install a modern filter on a pipe. But he is quite capable of not picking a flower, not breaking a tree, not killing a beetle, not throwing a candy wrapper past the trash can.
Well, we figured out how to make a project in a workbook and how it can be presented.
Let's move on to the next, more creative way of designing this work. We will make a real Red Book. Although, rather not a book, but a book that you can bring to school in your pocket.
Popular message topics
- Dandelion
In spring, when the sun shines brightly and the grass turns green in the fields and meadows, an amazing flower appears - the dandelion. Although it is considered too simple and ordinary a flower, it is quite unique and interesting. The yellow, fluffy flower decorates with its - Gerbera Flower
Many have never even heard of this flower, and this is normal. Because it can be confused with others and not see its zest and uniqueness through which it stands out from others. - The city of Stary Oskol
The city is located in the Belgorod region near the Oskol River. It is a very old city with a small population. Unlike other provincial cities, in which everything does not look so civilized,
Fish
As a result of intensive fishing, fish numbers have decreased significantly since the second half of the 20th century. Additional negative factors include an increase in the number of ships, pollution, and the extraction of building materials.
Atlantic sturgeon
The largest species in the sturgeon family. Found in the waters of the Black and Baltic Seas. The basis of the diet is smaller species of fish. Sturgeon was considered rare back in the 20th century, and is currently on the verge of extinction due to intensive fishing. Isolated cases of catching are known. It is impossible to reproduce the species artificially.
Atlantic sturgeon
Beluga
Previously, beluga was considered a valuable commercial fish, but now the species is classified as endangered. Fishing has been banned in the country since 2000. Active fishing, hydraulic construction, and poor reproduction of the species are the main factors in reducing the population size.
Beluga
Belugas are predators and are considered the largest representatives of freshwater fish.
Interesting fact : the largest beluga weighed 1224 kg or 1.2 tons. At the same time, the weight of the torso was 667 kg, the head – 288 kg, and the calves – 146.5 kg.
Sterlet
Sturgeon fish, sterlet, is found in rivers such as the Kama, Dnieper, Kuban, Ural and Don. It feeds on fish eggs and invertebrates living on the bottom. According to its conservation status, sterlet is a vulnerable species.
Sterlet
Population numbers are declining for several reasons: water pollution, poaching, and shallowing of water bodies. In addition, reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations are built on rivers, which interfere with water purification and also prevent fish from getting from the sea to the river, where they tend to spawn.
Brown trout
Trout is a fish of the salmon family, which is represented by several subspecies. In Russia, depending on the species, it is found in the waters of the Baltic Sea, lakes of Karelia, and in rivers in the Leningrad, Tver, Novgorod and other regions.
Brown trout
Currently, the number of brown trout is rapidly declining, and in some reservoirs the fish have completely disappeared. The main reasons are water pollution, construction of hydroelectric power stations, and illegal fishing.
Chinese grouper
Perch is found in the Ussuri and Amur rivers, in the northwestern part of Sakhalin, in Lake Khanka. It feeds on smaller fish and insufficient food is included in the list of main factors in population decline. It is also subject to mass fishing and suffers from environmental pollution.
Chinese grouper
Reptiles
Approximately 70 species of animals represent the class of reptiles in the country. About 20 species are listed in the KKRF. They are common on the coast of water bodies and in forest areas.
Far Eastern skink
Far Eastern skink
The Far Eastern skink is a genus of lizards. Lizards live on Kunashir Island - near forests and on the river coast. The number is several thousand individuals. Predators such as minks and economic activities pose a danger to lizards.
Common copperhead
A representative of the colubrid family in Russia, it is distributed in the southern part of European territory. Copperheads swim well, but they try to avoid dampness, preferring dry meadows and clearings. The main diet consists of lizards.
Common copperhead
The danger for them comes from birds of prey, hedgehogs, rats, etc. Copperheads are also often mistaken for poisonous snakes. The main reason for the population decline is the use of pesticides in agriculture.
Gyurza
The viper is the largest representative of the genus of poisonous vipers. The most common in the South Caucasus (Transcaucasian viper). The main diet consists of rodents. It is considered a species whose numbers are declining. Currently there are about 1000 individuals. This happens mainly due to human activity.
Interesting: Snow leopard
