Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions: goals, types, objectives, application

All the most important processes in the formation and development of our body occur in childhood. In preschool age, a child develops various abilities, develops character traits, and develops a model of morality. At an early age, the foundations of a person’s physiological and psychological health are laid. Of particular importance in this process are health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions, the purpose of which is to develop the physical qualities, mental and intellectual functions of the child.

Primary tasks

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The average child spends most of his time in kindergarten. The main purpose of preschool educational institutions is not only to look after children in the absence of their parents, but also to prepare children for independent life, teaching them basic knowledge, skills and abilities. In this context, an important role is played by the attitude of educators to the health status of their pupils and the correct use of health-saving technologies in the work of preschool educational institutions.

This term is commonly understood as a system of measures to protect and promote the health of children. It recently appeared in the professional vocabulary of teachers. The goals of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions have not undergone even the slightest changes over the years of their use. This is a whole system of measures to protect and promote the health of children, which faces the following tasks:

provide the child with all the conditions for maintaining health;
provide basic knowledge about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle;
teach basic skills and teach them to apply them in everyday life.

What principles are they based on?

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When talking about a child’s health as a subject of health-saving technologies, we mean not only the vital activity of the body and its physiological characteristics, but also the mental, social, and moral state. Based on the goals of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions, it is easy to highlight their basic principles:

systematicity and consistency;
comprehensive and harmonious development of personality;
conscious and active participation of the child;
activity and continuity of the learning process;
taking into account the individual characteristics of each pupil.

Classification of measures to protect and promote the health of preschool children

Today, several types of health-saving technologies are used in preschool educational institutions. These include:

medical, preventive and physical education measures;
basics of social and psychological well-being of a preschool child;
valeological education of parents;
correctional classes.

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Each of the above types has its own characteristics. For example, monitoring the health of preschool children and organizing control over compliance with sanitary rules and regulations are considered fundamental elements of medical and preventive technologies. The goals of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions include the development of recommendations for optimizing the nutrition of children of primary and preschool age, physical education, hardening, breathing exercises, massage and other preventive measures (to prevent flat feet, the formation of correct posture).

Ensuring the social and psychological well-being of a preschooler directly depends on pedagogical support. A teacher in a preschool educational institution must instill in the child and parents a culture of health, have valeological knowledge, and be able to give an objective assessment of their strengths and weaknesses related to professional activities. Technologies for valeological education of parents include the design of thematic folders, holding parent meetings, individual conversations, practical demonstrations and providing non-traditional forms of interaction with the legal representatives of children.

The general well-being and mood of the child depends on whether parents pay attention to the health of their child and whether they organize the daily routine correctly. But then what is the purpose of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions? In an educational institution, the skills and abilities acquired by the child at home are consolidated, and new information received in kindergarten will never become unnecessary or burdensome for the preschooler.

Children's physical health is inextricably linked with their mental health and emotional well-being. Based on the principle “a healthy child is a successful child,” it is considered impossible to solve the problem of raising a socially adapted individual without implementing a system of measures for health-improving work and physical education of children. Therefore, at present, the use of health-saving technologies in kindergarten conditions is highlighted as one of the priority areas of pedagogical activity.

The use of health-saving pedagogical technologies in the work of preschool educational institutions will increase the effectiveness of the educational process, will form among teachers and parents value orientations aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of pupils, if conditions are created for the possibility of adjusting technologies, depending on the specific conditions and specialization of the preschool educational institution; if, based on statistical monitoring of children's health, the necessary amendments are made to the intensity of technological influences, an individual approach to each child is ensured; Positive motivation will be generated among preschool teachers and parents of children.

Health-saving technologies used in combination ultimately form a strong motivation in the child for a healthy lifestyle.

Only a healthy child is happy to participate in all types of activities; he is cheerful, optimistic, and open in communication with peers and teachers. This is the key to the successful development of all spheres of personality, all its properties and qualities.

Health-saving technologies in preschool education are technologies aimed at solving the priority task of modern preschool education - the task of preserving, maintaining and enriching the health of the subjects of the pedagogical process in kindergarten: children, teachers and parents.

The goal of health-saving technologies in preschool education

In relation to a child - ensuring a high level of real health for a kindergarten pupil and nurturing a valeological culture, as the totality of a child’s conscious attitude to human health and life, knowledge about health and the ability to protect, support and preserve it, valeological competence, allowing a preschooler to independently and effectively solve problems healthy lifestyle and safe behavior, tasks related to the provision of basic medical, psychological self-help and assistance.

In relation to adults - promoting the establishment of a culture of health, including a culture of professional health for preschool teachers and valeological education of parents

Health-saving educational technologies:

1) a systematically organized set of programs, techniques, methods of organizing the educational process that does not harm the health of its participants;

2) qualitative characteristics of educational technologies based on the criterion of their impact on the health of students and teachers;

3) technological basis of health-saving pedagogy.

Types of health-saving technologies in preschool education

medical and preventive;
physical education and recreation;
technologies to ensure the socio-psychological well-being of the child;
health preservation and health enrichment for preschool teachers;
valeological education of parents;

We will focus on those that are necessary for educators to work with children

Medical and preventive health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions - ensure the preservation and enhancement of children’s health under the guidance of a preschool educational institution nurse in accordance with medical requirements and standards, using medical supplies.

disease prevention technologies,
in-depth medical examination with the participation of narrow specialists coming from the clinic,
correction of emerging functional deviations,
tracking the nature of the course of chronic pathology (for children with health group III-U,
rehabilitation of somatic health status,
anti-epidemic work and medical control of the catering unit in accordance with current sanitary and hygienic rules,
vitamin prophylaxis (rosehip decoction in the autumn-winter period, fortification of third courses using ascorbic acid,
sanitary and hygienic activities of all preschool educational institutions.

Physical education and health technologies are aimed at the physical development and strengthening of the child’s health, the development of physical qualities, motor activity and the formation of physical culture of preschool children:

hardening of KGN;
conversations on valeology;
sports holidays;
sports entertainment and leisure;
health weeks;
competitions;
walks and hikes.

Technologies for health conservation and health enrichment for teachers are technologies aimed at developing a culture of health for kindergarten teachers, including a culture of professional health, and developing the need for a healthy lifestyle.

Health conservation in working with preschool teachers:

training seminars, consultations for teachers, workshops for teachers, discussion of health issues at pedagogical councils and medical and pedagogical meetings in early age groups and correctional groups.

Valueological education of parents is a technology aimed at ensuring the valeological education of parents of preschool children and their acquisition of valeological competence. Valueological education of parents should be considered as a continuous process of valueological education of all family members.

Interaction between preschool educational institutions and families on issues of protecting and promoting children’s health:

Information stands for parents in each age group have sections covering issues of health improvement without drugs (sets of exercises for the prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, visual organs, for the development of general and fine motor skills, finger games;
Information stands for medical workers about preventive medical work with children in preschool educational institutions;
Involving parents in participating in physical culture events of preschool educational institutions (competitions, sports festivals, open days, Health Days and Weeks, meetings of preschool educational institution children with parent-athletes, etc.);
Consultations and conversations with parents on health issues.

Health-saving educational technologies in kindergarten are, first of all, technologies for educating a valeological culture or a culture of health in preschoolers.

Modern health-saving technologies used in the preschool education system reflect two lines of health-improving and developmental work:

introducing children to physical education
use of developmental forms of health-improving work.

Stages of implementation of health-saving technologies

Analysis of the initial state of health, physical development and physical fitness of preschool children, their valeological skills, as well as the health-preserving environment of preschool educational institutions.
Organization of a health-saving educational space in preschool educational institutions.
Establishing contacts with social partners of preschool educational institutions on health issues.
Mastering by preschool teachers of methods and techniques for preserving the health of children and adults of preschool educational institutions.
Introduction of various forms of work to preserve and promote health for different categories of children and adults.
Work on valeology with parents of preschool educational institutions.

Health preservation system in preschool educational institutions:

various health regimes (adaptive, flexible, gentle, seasonal, during the holidays);
a set of hardening measures (air hardening, walking on “health paths”, prevention of flat feet; walking barefoot, “stomping” in basins, gargling and mouthwashing, maximum exposure of children to the fresh air, invigorating gymnastics);
physical education activities of all types;
optimization of motor mode: traditional motor activity of children (morning exercises, physical education classes, outdoor games, walks) and innovative technologies for health improvement and prevention (rhythmoplasty, logorhythmics, dry pool, massagers, tactile paths);
organization of rational nutrition;
medical and preventive work with children and parents;
compliance with SanPiN requirements for organizing the pedagogical process;
a set of measures to preserve the physical and psychological health of teachers.

Areas of work on health conservation in preschool educational institutions

Integration of tasks of physical culture and health work into various types of joint activities;
Introduction of innovative health-saving technologies into the educational process of preschool educational institutions;
A variety of forms of physical education and leisure activities with preschoolers;
Formation of healthy lifestyle habits among preschoolers, teachers and parents;
Improving physical qualities and ensuring a normal level of physical fitness in accordance with the capabilities and state of health of the child;
Identification of interests, inclinations and abilities of children in physical activity and their implementation through a system of sports and recreational work;
Ensuring the physical and mental well-being of every child in the preschool educational institution.

Ten golden rules of health preservation:

Follow your daily routine!
Pay more attention to nutrition!
Move more!
Sleep in a cool room!
Don’t extinguish your anger, let it break out!
Constantly engage in intellectual activity!
Drive away despondency and blues!
React adequately to all manifestations of your body!
Try to get as many positive emotions as possible!
Wish only the best for yourself and those around you!

Types of health-saving pedagogical technologies

Rhythmoplasty.

Not earlier than in 30 minutes. after meals, 2 times a week for 30 minutes. from middle age. Pay attention to the artistic value, the amount of physical activity and its proportionality to the child’s age.

Dynamic pauses (physical training minutes)

During classes, 2-5 minutes, as children get tired in all age groups. Recommended for all children as a preventive measure against fatigue. May include elements of eye exercises, breathing exercises and others, depending on the type of activity

Outdoor and sports games. As part of a physical education lesson, on a walk, in a group room - with low and medium mobility. Daily for all age groups.

Games are selected according to the age of the child, the place and time of the game. In preschool educational institutions we use only elements of sports games.

Relaxation

In any suitable room. Depending on the condition of the children and goals, the teacher determines the intensity of the technology. For all age groups. You can use calm classical music (Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, sounds of nature). Aesthetic technologies are implemented in artistic and aesthetic classes, when visiting museums, theaters, exhibitions, etc., decorating premises for holidays, etc. For all age groups.

It is carried out in classes according to the preschool educational program, as well as according to a specially planned schedule of events. Of particular importance is working with families, instilling aesthetic taste in children.

Finger gymnastics

Conducted at any convenient time (at any convenient time). From a young age, individually or with a subgroup daily. Recommended for all children, especially those with speech problems.

Gymnastics for the eyes.

Every day for 3-5 minutes. at any free time; depending on the intensity of visual load from a young age, it is recommended to use visual material, demonstration by a teacher

Breathing exercises.

In various forms of physical education and health work from a young age, ensure the room is ventilated, the teacher gives children instructions on mandatory hygiene of the nasal cavity before the procedure.

Awakening gymnastics.

Every day after nap, 5-10 min. in all age groups.

The form of implementation is different: exercises on beds, extensive washing; walking on ribbed planks; easy running from the bedroom to a group with a difference in temperature in the rooms and others depending on the conditions of the preschool educational institution. Health-improving running from an older age during the warm period in the morning on the street or on a walk. The need for running in physical fitness and sports shoes.

Technologies for teaching healthy lifestyles

Physical education classes 2 times a week in the gym, 1 time on the street. All age groups. Early age - in a group room or physical. hall - 10 min. Younger age - 15-20 minutes, middle age - 20-25 minutes, older age - 25-30 minutes. Classes are conducted in accordance with the program according to which the preschool educational institution operates. Before class, it is necessary to ventilate the room well.

Problem-based games (game training and game therapy)

In your free time, maybe in the afternoon. The time is not strictly fixed, depending on the tasks set by the teacher from an older age. The lesson can be organized unnoticed by the child, by including the teacher in the process of play activity.

Communication games 1-2 times a week for 30 minutes. from an older age. Classes are structured according to a specific scheme and consist of several parts. They include conversations, sketches and games of varying degrees of mobility, drawing, modeling, etc. Psychologist, preschool teachers

Self-massage

Depending on the goals set by the teacher, in sessions or in various forms of physical education and health work from a young age. It is necessary to explain to the child the seriousness of the procedure and give children basic knowledge of how not to harm their body

Corrective technologies

Music influence technologies

In various forms of physical education and health work; or separate classes 2-4 times a month depending on the goals in all age groups. Used as an aid as part of other technologies; to relieve tension, increase emotional mood, etc. Preschool teachers, music director

Color influence technologies

As a special lesson 2-4 times a month, depending on the tasks assigned, from middle age it is necessary to pay special attention to the color scheme of the interiors of the preschool educational institution. Correctly selected colors relieve tension and increase the child’s emotional state.

Behavior correction technologies

Sessions of 10-12 lessons for 25-30 minutes. from an older age

They are carried out using special methods in small groups of 6-8 people. Groups are not formed according to one criterion - children with different problems study in the same group. Classes are conducted in the form of a game, have diagnostic tools and training protocols

Fairytale therapy 2-4 lessons per month, 30 minutes each. from an older age, classes are used for psychological therapeutic and developmental work. A fairy tale can be told by an adult, or it can be a group story, where the narrator is not one person, but a group of children, and the rest of the children repeat the necessary movements after the storytellers.

Technologies to support general health and development

The basis of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions, the task and goal of which is to strengthen the health of preschool children, is a complex of health and rehabilitation activities for preschoolers of all categories. Separately, complexes are being developed for children with functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system, vision, hearing, and diseases of the central nervous system.

Most modern health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions are based on physical education as a means of preventing spinal curvature. During therapeutic exercises, the goal is to prevent the development of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in preschool children. To perform the exercises, it is considered advisable to use rehabilitation equipment:

orthopedic balls;
"dry" pools;
soft modules;
children's exercise equipment;
jump rope;
gymnastic sticks.

The introduction of health-saving technologies into preschool educational institutions, the goals and objectives of which include maintaining the health of preschoolers, took place in stages. The hardening program and swimming are of no small importance. These types of therapeutic and preventive measures are aimed at the physical and mental development of children; they help strengthen the cardiovascular system, muscular and respiratory systems, but are not available in every preschool institution.

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In those institutions where there are no swimming pools, today they often opt for gyms for children. Teachers conduct each lesson in strict accordance with medical indications. Exercising on exercise machines increases endurance and improves the overall well-being of children.

The use of innovative health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions (from work experience)

In the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 2106 dated December 28, 2010 “On the approval of FGT for educational institutions in terms of protecting the health of students,” subparagraph No. 7 contains specific requirements for the rational organization of the educational process, namely: “the use of health-saving methods in the educational process, technologies, adherence to a health-saving regime of education and upbringing.”

Health is an important factor in the performance and harmonious development of children. Health does not exist on its own; it needs careful care throughout a person’s life. It is known that preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health. After all, it is up to the age of 7 that a child goes through a huge developmental path, unique throughout his entire subsequent life. It is during this period that intensive development of organs takes place, the formation of functional systems of the body, the basic personality traits are laid, character is formed, the attitude towards oneself and towards others. It is important at this stage to form in children a base of knowledge and practical skills of a healthy lifestyle, a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports.

Health-saving educational technologies are a systematically organized set of programs, techniques, and methods for organizing the educational process that do not harm the health of its participants; qualitative characteristics of educational technologies based on the criterion of their impact on the health of children and teachers

Goals of using health-saving technologies:

preserving the health of children by creating favorable conditions for their stay, upbringing and education in preschool educational institutions;
strengthening the mental and physical health of preschool children;
ensuring a high level of health for kindergarten students and fostering a valeological culture;
the child’s conscious attitude to health and human life, knowledge about health and the ability to protect, support and preserve it, allowing the preschooler to independently and effectively solve the problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior;
promoting the development of a culture of health and valeological education of parents.

Means of health-saving technologies: 1. Means of motor orientation: • elements of movement (walking, running, jumping, throwing); • physical exercise; • physical education, physical therapy, outdoor games, gymnastics, self-massage, etc. 2. Health-improving forces of nature (sun and air baths, water treatments, herbal medicine, inhalation). 3. Hygiene factors (compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, personal and public hygiene, ventilation, wet cleaning of premises, adherence to daily routine, etc.). The use of various health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions (from my experience).

In our group (children aged 4-5 years), health work is carried out constantly and systematically. All health activities are built in a sequential chain and evenly distributed throughout the day in the form of a “Path of Health”:

Daily regime

The daily routine ensures daily repetition of hygiene procedures at the same time, which contributes to the gradual formation of skills and habits of a culture of behavior and personal hygiene. The daily routine accustoms the child’s body to a certain rhythm, provides a change in activity, protecting the children’s nervous system from overwork.

1. Morning exercises

Daily morning exercises and general developmental exercises in a group contribute to emotional relief and increased motor activity. The variety of forms of morning exercises helps to develop children’s interest in it:

Rhythmic gymnastics
Gymnastics consisting of round dances
Story dances
Playing out a plot poem
Outdoor games
Health running
Gymnastics in a plot form with and without objects;
Health aerobics and yoga exercises;
Gymnastics according to interests and games at the request of children.

Morning exercises are carried out daily in the sports and music halls. The duration of morning exercises is 7 minutes. At the same time, the teacher works together with the children and, if necessary, corrects and corrects the children’s exercises.

2. Finger gymnastics.

Finger games are the staging of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using the fingers. During finger games: “We are leafing through a book”, “At sunset the pond is dozing...”, “Fishes”, as well as finger theater classes “Horse”, “Dexterously from finger to finger...”, “Apple”, “Cockerel”. The child, repeating the movements of adults, achieves good development of fine motor skills of the hands, which not only has a beneficial effect on the development of speech, but also prepares the child for drawing and writing.

3. Game self-massage.

Children enjoy performing self-massage in a playful way. By performing a play massage, a child can fantasize, while affecting the entire body. Gaming self-massage relaxes muscles and relieves nervous and emotional tension.

4. Washing hands and face with cold water.

Washing is carried out with cool water (in summer, warm water in winter) in the sequence: hands with soap, then face. After washing, wiping is done, but not dry, but only to remove free water (drops) from the washed parts of the body, followed by their final drying. Drying is a powerful hardening procedure.

5. Before class – sound gymnastics

Sound gymnastics is the pronunciation of various sounds and their combinations in a strictly defined way. When pronouncing sounds, the vocal cords begin to vibrate and this vibration is first transmitted to the respiratory tract and lungs, and from them to the chest. The complex develops the respiratory muscles, speech apparatus, coordination of movements, muscles of the arms and spine, promotes correct rhythmic breathing and pronunciation of sounds .

6. Dynamic pause on GCD.

The main tasks of physical training are:

relieve fatigue and tension;
add an emotional charge;
improve gross motor skills;
develop clear coordinated actions in conjunction with speech.

In the process of physical education minutes, during which movements are combined with words, children’s behavior is naturally and unobtrusively cultivated, muscle activity develops, speech deficiencies are corrected, and existing vocabulary is activated.

7. Gymnastics for the eyes

Visual exercises are aimed at improving and preserving vision and preventing myopia and farsightedness. “Magic” games for the eyes are training for children’s eye muscles and the success of healthy vision in the future.

6. After GCD - yoga in games.

Yoga is one of the few exercise systems that has a beneficial and holistic effect on the entire body, including the endocrine and nervous systems. Yoga classes perfectly strengthen the musculoskeletal system and straighten your posture. Breathing, relaxation and meditative practices have a positive effect on the psyche. There is no element of competition in yoga; this distinguishes it from other types of physical activity. Children learn to accept themselves as they are.

9. Walk.

Physical activity (running, games, exercises). The purpose of the walk is to improve health, prevent fatigue, physical and mental development of children, and restore the body’s functional resources reduced during activity.

10. Outdoor game

Games allow you to relieve physical fatigue from your muscles and achieve an emotional switch from one type of activity to another. Outdoor games are especially loved by children, because they are an important source of joyful emotions. Games stimulate active work and thoughts, help broaden their horizons, improve all mental processes, and form positive moral qualities in children.

11. Breathing exercises

Regular breathing exercises help train the respiratory muscles, improve local and cerebral circulation, protect against hypothermia, develop the child’s still imperfect respiratory system, and strengthen the body’s defenses. In my work I used: “Bubbles”, “Talker”, “Breeze”, “Bees”, “Mowing the grass”, “Rooster”, “The porridge is boiling”, “Grow up big”, “Mill”, “In the forest”, “ Cheerful bee."

12. Awakening gymnastics (in bed).

The duration of gymnastics in bed is 2-3 minutes. Next, children proceed to perform a set of breathing exercises, which is very important for the prevention of colds and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Then hardening activities are carried out using “miracles” - mats, salt paths, water treatments. The total duration of health-improving exercises after a nap should be 12-15 minutes.

13. Corrective tracks (prevention of flat feet).

— Walking barefoot along corrective paths (“we toughen ourselves up and walk barefoot along snowy paths”) for 15-20 seconds. — A set of exercises performed while sitting on chairs (“let’s warm up your frozen feet after a walk in the snow”).

14. Psycho-gymnastics (emotional health).

The goal is to relieve the inertia of physical and mental well-being, increase muscle tone, “warm up” the child’s attention and interest in the activity, and set children up for active work and contact with each other. Thanks to psycho-gymnastics for preschoolers, a child learns to understand his own and others’ emotions, express them, understand feelings, learn self-relaxation and overcome life’s difficulties.

15. Posture (prevention of scoliosis).

The main means of preventing poor posture is physical exercise. Particular attention should be paid to exercises that cause active work of the extensor muscles of the back and abdominal muscles.

16. Articulation gymnastics.

The goal of articulatory gymnastics is to develop correct, complete movements and certain positions of the articulatory organs necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds, and to combine simple movements into complex ones.

The effectiveness of health-saving technologies depends on clear, coordinated work with parents. Experience shows that the effectiveness of a health program is decided together with the family. Experience in working in innovative areas has shown that children 4-5 years old successfully and enthusiastically absorb knowledge about the structure of the body and acquire the skills of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior at home and in nature, if the knowledge is conveyed in an accessible and playful form.

The process of raising and educating preschool children in the work of health saving and health connection; development aimed at ensuring the physical, mental and social well-being of children for a long period.

Bibliography:

Vavilova E.N. Strengthen children's health: A manual for kindergarten teachers, M.: Education, 1986.
Gavryuchina L.V. Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions Methodological manual. M.: TC Sfera, 2008.
Speech therapy / Ed. L.S. Volkova. M., 1989. P. 81.
Nikitina M.I. Psychological and pedagogical characteristics of children of middle preschool age. St. Petersburg, 2006.
General psychology of children / Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. M.: Education, 2006.
From birth to school. Approximate general educational program for preschool education / Ed. N. E. Veraksy, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva M.: Mozaika-synthesis, 2014.
Penzulaeva L.I. Health-improving gymnastics for preschool children (3-7 years old). M.: VLADOS, 2002.
Program for the education and training of preschool children. M., 2005.
Tarabarina T.N. Child development. Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, 2006.
Tikhomirova L.F. We form in children the right attitude towards their health. Yaroslavl, 1997.

Corrective exercises

In addition to basic physical education, in some preschool institutions children are taught yoga, self-massage, acrobatics, sports dancing, and rhythmic gymnastics.

I wonder what is the purpose of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions, during the application of which music is used? In fact, experts assign a special role to music in health improvement and treatment and preventive programs for children. Music lies to help develop cross-functional training. Music classes significantly enrich and enhance the health-improving focus of all forms of physical activity and help prepare children for school.

The goal of using health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions is considered by many experts to be the implementation of comprehensive pre-school training, which is aimed at developing motor skills, honing the mechanisms of memory, speech, reading, thinking, artistic and visual activities, and musicality.

A lot of attention and time is paid to teaching the basics of a healthy lifestyle, as one of the important conditions for maintaining the health of preschoolers. The teaching staff is forced to carry out extensive work on the valeological education of children and talk with parents. For children, special techniques and techniques are selected that allow them to present information about the structure of the body in an accessible form, explain how important it is to eat right, sleep during the day, go for a walk, etc. Thus, children are taught a healthy lifestyle from an early age.

Mental and psychological development of preschool children

Another goal of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions according to the Federal State Educational Standard is the formation of accessible knowledge in preschoolers, taking into account age and individual characteristics of perception. Teachers pay a lot of attention to the system of teaching hygiene skills to children under seven years of age. In practice, the best results in mastering the rules of a healthy lifestyle are demonstrated by children 3-5 years old due to the most productive organization of sensorimotor activity. The best results can be achieved if you work with children in a playful way, using thematic, didactic, mobile, board-printed, role-playing and other types of games.

We must not forget about modern methods of strengthening mental health and creating conditions for a preschooler’s comfortable well-being. Today, a variety of gaming technologies are being improved that are used to maintain the health of kindergarteners.

Since the effectiveness of using health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions depends on the contact and cooperation of teachers and parents, the forms of interaction between them become most important. Meeting formats such as:

parent meetings, for which a specialist (psychologist) is invited to conduct tests and consultations;
gaming workshops;
open days;
school of successful parents;
experience exchange.

Such classes will help improve the pedagogical culture of parents and help them understand the true purpose of physical education in promoting the health of a preschooler.

The essence of health-saving technologies

Health-saving technologies are one of the types of modern innovative technologies that are aimed at preserving and improving the health of all participants in the educational process in preschool educational institutions.

The use of such technologies has a two-way focus:

formation of the foundations of valeological culture among preschoolers, i.e. teach them to take care of their health independently;
organization of the educational process in kindergarten without negative impact on children's health.

Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions according to the Federal State Educational Standard are perfectly combined with traditional forms and methods in pedagogy, complementing them with various ways of implementing health-improving work.

The use of such technologies solves a number of problems:

laying the foundation for good physical health;
increasing the level of mental and social health of pupils;
carrying out preventive health work;
familiarizing preschoolers with the principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
motivating children to lead a healthy lifestyle;
formation of useful habits;
formation of valeological skills;
formation of a conscious need for regular physical education;
fostering a value-based attitude towards one’s health.

To ensure an integrated approach to protecting and improving the health of pupils, required by the Federal State Educational Standard, preschool educational institutions use various types of modern health-saving technologies:

medical and preventive (conducting medical examinations, monitoring the health of children, anti-epidemiological work, organizing specialized correctional groups, preventing many diseases, sanitary and hygienic work, quality control of catering, etc.);
physical education and health (conducting outdoor games, sporting events, valeology classes, hardening procedures, organizing walks, etc.)
valeological education of parents (motivating parents to lead a healthy lifestyle, teaching parents how to interact with children to form a valeological culture in them);
valeological education of teachers (familiarization of educators with innovative health-saving technologies and methods of their implementation, motivation for a healthy lifestyle, expanding knowledge about the age and psychological characteristics of preschoolers);
health-saving education for children (formation of valeological knowledge and skills).

Only by implementing all of these types of health-saving technologies can we achieve close interaction between the main factors influencing the health of preschool children.

Introduction of technologies to support children's health

Kindergarten belongs to the state system of compulsory universal education. Teaching preschoolers the basics of life, health and hygiene rules is a priority activity of the preschool educational institution. What is the purpose of health-saving technologies? The main task that teachers face during the educational process is to set the child up to lead a healthy lifestyle.

In fact, the concept of health-saving pedagogical technologies in preschool educational institutions and the concept of developing a healthy lifestyle are identical. They are paramount in the work of participants in the educational process of each preschool institution.

The basic rules of health are as follows:

maintain a daily routine;
show physical activity;
pay attention to balanced nutrition;
maintain a normal psychological atmosphere and positive mood.

When working on the creation of health-saving technologies in the educational process of preschool educational institutions, it is necessary to take into account adapted forms of work and the characteristics of the age group. Teachers in kindergarten use various methods to maintain the health of children and their comprehensive development.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Strelkova Natalya Vladimirovna Teacher at State Budgetary Educational Institution, Compensatory Kindergarten No. 164, Moscow The formation of personality, maintaining the physical and mental health of a child at the required level begins with his birth and continues in preschool age. Instilling in preschool children a conscious desire for a healthy lifestyle helps to preserve the health given to them by nature. In kindergarten, our goal is to improve health, increase immunity, physical improvement, and develop the child’s personality. And the main factor in personality development is activity, which ensures the body’s adaptation to environmental conditions. Motor activity is a necessary condition that determines the health, physical and mental performance of a child. A child’s motor activity is a natural need for movement, the satisfaction of which is the most important condition for the formation of the basic structures and functions of the body, one of the ways to understand the world and navigate in it. This contributes to the comprehensive development and upbringing of children. Health-saving technologies include: - morning exercises - eye exercises - aerial procedures - finger exercises - breathing exercises - awakening exercises - outdoor games - walking along massage paths - hardening - articulation exercises. The morning in our group begins with morning exercises. Goal: to create a good mood in children and increase muscle tone. Morning exercises take place to the music. We use different types of gymnastics: - game - plot - rhythmic. The advantage of performing gymnastics to music is that children know: they need to take off their shoes and get ready to exercise if a familiar melody or song starts playing. And those children who have not yet undressed, but are in the dressing room, undress faster and “get involved” in

team activity without words. This disciplines them. The child’s mood improves, whims disappear, and behavior stabilizes. We do morning exercises with objects: flags, cubes, ribbons. We especially often use massage balls, with which we perform corrective exercises to strengthen the muscles of the legs and arch of the foot, as well as hand massage. We call these balls “hedgehogs”. In the complex of morning exercises, we must include breathing exercises, which are necessary to restore breathing. Breathing exercises promote full physical development and prevent diseases of the respiratory system. At the end of the lesson we use the following chants: - Do exercises in the morning - you will be strong, you will be brave! - If you start the day with exercise, then everything will be fine! - Everything is fine with the races, everything is fine with us, Because we do exercises in the morning! We do gymnastics every day after sleep. The goal is to increase children’s muscle tone and mood. A complex of gymnastics after sleep should not duplicate morning exercises. We do gymnastics after sleep in bed and finish with breathing exercises. Such gymnastics is of a playful nature. We also perform self-massage after sleep. Then we move on to walking along the massage path and hardening procedures (washing with cool water). GYMNASTICS OF AWAKENING “RED RED CHEAT.” A FOX RUNS ON THE ROAD 1 “fox”. Children lie on their backs, arms along the body. Perform swinging movements of the arms and legs, depicting a fox running. A FOX IS RUNNING FROM BUSH TO BUSH 2 “hillock”. I.P. the same, raise straight legs up, lower – 3 – 6 times. 3 "Bush". I.P. the same, take a grouping position, return to I.P. - 3 times. TAIL TO THE GROUND, SNIFFING BREED. 4 "Fox's Tail". Sit on the bed in a Turkish style, turning your torso to the right and left. – 5 times. THE FOX STOPPED AND LISTENED TO SEE THERE ARE BUNNIES. She took a deep breath (inhale), bent over (exhale), straightened up and continued walking.

Jogging on orthopedic paths. GYMNASTICS OF WAKING UP AFTER A DAY SLEEP. Goal: to improve mood and muscle tone with the help of contrasting air baths and physical exercises. 1 Warm-up exercises in bed: self-massage, finger exercises. — Stroking the arms from the hands up. - Rub your palms, take off and put on the bracelets. HANDS WILL BE ON YOUR FACE. — children rub their eyes, eyebrows, nose, ears. THE FACE HAS FUN. - the children grimace with their tongues. Lips, smiling. WAKE THE FEET: stroke them, pat them. NOW LET'S WAKE UP THE BELLY - stroke the stomach in a circular motion, throw away the blanket and cover ourselves with the blanket. 2 General developmental exercises (remove the blanket and pillow) - I.P. lying on your back, arms along your body. Inhale and exhale 3-4 times. — I.P. Same . Stretch like kittens, arms up – 3-4 times. — I.P. Same. Turn on your right side, lie on your back, turn on your left side, arms up – 3-4 times. — I.P. Same. Hands under your head. Stretch your right leg with your heel forward, toes towards you. Do the same with the left foot 3-4 times. — I.P. lying on your back, arms along your body. Raise your hands up, return to I.P. – 3-4 times. — I.P. Same. We're riding a bike. 3 Jogging along orthopedic paths. 4 Breathing exercise. Inhale through your nose, hold your breath, exhale through your mouth. ACUTE MASSAGE WITH BREATHING GYMNASTICS.

1 complex. “Warming our hands” Join your palms and rub them until they heat up. “Making ears” Using the index finger and thumbs we sculpt the ears. “Right nostril, left nostril” Inhale through the right nostril, the left one is closed with the index finger, exhale through the left nostril, the right one is closed with the index finger. “Blowing a leaf” Blow into your palm, inhale through your nose, exhale through your mouth.

2 complex. “Warming our hands” Join your palms and rub them until they heat up. "Checking the tip of the nose." Lightly tug the tip of your nose. "Let's make the nose thin." Use your index finger to massage your nostrils. “We apply it to the ears so they don’t come off.” Rub it behind the ears from top to bottom with your index fingers. “Like a cow mooing” Take a breath and, as you exhale, pronounce the sound: “mm-mm,” while tapping the wings of your nose. “Let’s blow a snowflake from the palm of our hand.” Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth. ORGANIZATION OF HARDENING CHILDREN IN A GROUP.

AIR BATHS.

— In the absence of children, we organize cross-ventilation of the group room and bedroom in accordance with the established schedule. — We carefully ensure that children wear lightweight clothing throughout the day (at a temperature not lower than 18-20 degrees). — We do morning exercises in a well-ventilated room. — We organize daytime sleep without pajamas (in T-shirts) if the temperature in the bedroom is 18 degrees or higher. The temperature under the blanket reaches 38-39 degrees; upon waking up, the child receives a contrast bath with a difference of 18-20 degrees. This is excellent training for the thermoregulatory apparatus. — We organize walking on a ribbed board or orthopedic path after a nap. WATER TREATMENTS. — We teach children extensive washing with cool water: washing their hands up to the elbow, rubbing their chest and body with a wet palm. At the end of the water procedure, each child wipes himself with a towel. — We organize rinsing your mouth and throat with water after each meal, gradually lowering the temperature by 1 degree, bringing it to 18 degrees.

During the day we repeatedly play various outdoor games, both in the group and on the street.

OUTDOOR GAMES.

SHEPHERD AND COWS. Goal: Improve crawling skills on all fours. Develop orientation in space. Description. The teacher is a shepherd, the children are cows. The children crawl on all fours towards the shepherd, who at this time says:

Cute little cows, White little heads,

An evil sorcerer visited here and bewitched the cows. In the green meadow I will help the cows. All the cows will be happy and healthy. Children pretend to be cows and moo. The shepherd touches them with his hand, casting a spell, after which the children dance.

FIREWORK. Goal: To develop independence. Exercise children in throwing a ball from the bottom up and the ability to catch it with both hands. Develop oculomotor functions and gaze fixation. Equipment: balls according to the number of children. Description: Children are given balls. The teacher says with the children: These are not firecrackers: The guns fired. People are dancing and singing, There are festive fireworks in the sky. Children throw the ball up and catch it with both hands.

WE GUYS ARE BRAVE. Goal: To train children in the ability to jump in place, squat, and perform body turns left and right. To develop the ability to coordinate movements with words. Round dance, round dance (clapping hands) Small people dancing (jumping on the spot)

Dance, jump and jump (jumping in place)

We are ready all year round (squats) Under a bush, under a bush (torso tilts left and right) Someone with a red tail (torso turns left and right) This is a red fox - Under the bush is a fox's house. (jumping in place)

THE DOG AND THE SPARROWS Goal: to develop the ability to act according to the rules, to train children in the ability to jump, to develop gross and fine motor skills, and to develop the ability to coordinate movements with words. Description: The teacher chooses a child - a dog, the rest of the children - sparrows - act according to the text. The sparrow jumps and jumps: Jump - jump! Jump, jump! Calls small children: “Chiv, chiv, chiv, Chiv, chiv, chiv!” Throw the crumbs to the sparrow, I’ll sing you a song: “Chick - tweet, Chick - tweet!” Suddenly the dog came running and barked. A child - a dog - runs after the sparrows that are hiding in the house. In our free time (morning and evening), we look at illustrations about sports, have a conversation on the topic “Taking care of my health,” conduct didactic games “Guess the sport,” “Do it like Parsley,” etc.

In the group we conduct individual lessons on large balls. We do breathing exercises, massage, and relaxation. Starting from the middle group, we conduct physical education classes: “We are young strongmen” “How to become stronger than a wolf” “who loves children - fighters”

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Physical activity

One of the most popular and convenient methods for working with children is step aerobics. This type of physical education and health activity belongs to the group of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions. Each lesson should last no more than 10-30 minutes. Also, step aerobics can be introduced into the learning process in the form of separate blocks as elements of each physical education lesson.

In a preschool institution, this type of lesson, aimed at maintaining motor activity, with a maximum duration (25-30 minutes) is used only for children of older preschool groups. Step aerobics is also of a health-improving and training nature for children in the form of morning exercises, which gives not so much a health-improving effect as an emotional one. The duration of classes for children of younger groups is no more than 10-15 minutes. In addition, elements of step aerobics can be used in the form of demonstration performances at children's parties and as entertainment.

This type of physical education promotes the development of dexterity and speed, teaches children to navigate in space, and strengthens the vestibular apparatus. Step aerobics classes bring joy and delight to children, give them freedom of movement, improve their well-being, giving them a feeling of joy and maintaining a positive mood.

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Another special technique used in working with children is the so-called “alphabet of body movements.” According to the Federal State Educational Standard, the goal of health-saving technology in preschool educational institutions is to increase the physical activity of children during their stay in the institution. The essence of this method is as follows: it is necessary to perform certain motor actions on any of the letters of the alphabet. For older children this is a very exciting and funny game. The “Alphabet of Body Movements” consists of three dozen poses, each of which corresponds to a specific letter of the alphabet. The children’s task is to visually or auditorily perceive the name of the letter and, having made the correct movement, depict this letter.

Card index of health-saving technologies

There are many effective varieties of modern health-saving technologies that should be in the kindergarten teacher’s file cabinet.

Physical education minutes

One of the simplest and most common types of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions is physical education minutes. They are also called dynamic pauses. These are short-term breaks in intellectual or practical activity, during which children perform simple physical exercises.

The purpose of such physical education minutes is to:

changing the type of activity;
preventing fatigue;
relieving muscle, nervous and brain tension;
activation of blood circulation;
activation of thinking;
increasing children's interest in the course of the lesson;
creating a positive emotional background.

Carrying out dynamic pauses has some peculiarities. They are designed to be performed in limited space (near a desk or table, in the center of the room, etc.). Most physical education sessions are accompanied by a poetic text or performed to music.

Such dynamic pauses last 1-2 minutes. All children are involved in physical education activities. This does not require sportswear or equipment. The time for the exercise is chosen arbitrarily depending on the degree of fatigue of the children. A physical education session may include individual elements of other health-saving technologies.

Breathing exercises

A study of the work experience of many preschool teachers shows that breathing exercises are among the most popular types of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions. It is a system of breathing exercises that are part of a complex of correctional work to strengthen the general health of the child.

Using breathing exercises helps:

improve the functioning of internal organs;
activate cerebral circulation, increase oxygen saturation of the body;
train the breathing apparatus;
prevent respiratory diseases;
increase the body's defense mechanisms;
restore peace of mind, calm down;
develop speech breathing.

During breathing exercises, the following rules must be observed. It is recommended to carry it out in a well-ventilated room and before eating. Such exercises should be daily and last 3-6 minutes. To perform breathing exercises, you do not need any special clothing, but you need to make sure that it does not restrict the child’s movements.

During the exercises, you need to pay special attention to the nature of your inhalations and exhalations. Children should be taught to inhale through the nose (inhalations should be short and light) and exhale through the mouth (exhalation should be long). Breathing exercises also include breath-holding exercises. It is important that children do not tense their body muscles or move their shoulders when performing exercises to develop speech breathing.

Finger gymnastics

Finger gymnastics is a type of health-saving technology that is used not only to develop fine motor skills of the hands (which is important for preparing a child for drawing, modeling and writing), but also to solve problems with speech development in children.

In addition, such gymnastics promotes the development of:

tactile sensations;
coordination of movements of fingers and hands;
creative abilities of preschool children.

Finger gymnastics is carried out in the form of staging poetic texts using the fingers. This is almost the first type of gymnastics that can be performed with children. During finger gymnastics, children make active and passive movements with their fingers.

The following types of exercises are used:

massage;
actions with objects or materials;
finger games.

It is recommended to do finger exercises daily. During its implementation, you need to ensure that the load on both hands is the same. In addition, it is necessary to remember that each session of finger gymnastics should end with relaxation exercises. Such classes can be carried out collectively, in groups or individually with each child.

Gymnastics for the eyes

Also, health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions include eye gymnastics. It involves conducting a system of exercises aimed at correcting and preventing visual impairment.

Eye exercises are necessary for:

relieve tension;
fatigue prevention;
eye muscle training;
strengthening the ocular apparatus.

To perform such gymnastics, 2-4 minutes are enough. The main rule of this gymnastics is that only the eyes should move, and the head remains motionless (except for cases where head tilts are provided). All exercises must be done standing.

Usually the teacher shows a sample of each action, and the children repeat after him. Often such gymnastics has poetic accompaniment. It may include exercises with objects, special tables or ICT.

Psycho-gymnastics

Psycho-gymnastics refers to innovative health-saving technologies that are used in kindergarten to develop the emotional sphere of the child and strengthen his mental health.

The purpose of psychogymnastics is the following:

conducting psychophysical relaxation;
development of cognitive mental processes;
normalization of the condition in children with neuroses or neuropsychic disorders;
correction of deviations in behavior or character.

Psychogysnastics is a course of 20 special classes, which are conducted in a playful way. They are organized twice a week and last from 25 to 90 minutes.

Each lesson consists of four stages that involve acting out:

sketches using facial expressions and pantomime;
sketches to depict emotions or character traits;
sketches with a psychotherapeutic orientation.

The session ends with psychomuscular training. During the lesson, there is a “minute of mischief”, when children can perform any actions they want.

Rhythmoplasty

Rhythmoplasty is an innovative method of working with children, which is based on them performing special plastic movements that have a healing nature to the music.

The purpose of rhythmoplasty:

replenishment of “motor deficit”;
development of the motor sphere of children;
strengthening the muscle corset;
improvement of cognitive processes;
formation of aesthetic concepts.

Rhythmoplasty is organized in the form of special music classes. Physical exercises should be performed at a slow pace with a wide amplitude. These classes should be done twice a week for 30 minutes each. It is recommended to do rhythmoplasty no earlier than half an hour after eating.

Play therapy

The Federal State Educational Standard states that the leading activity for preschoolers is play. Therefore, play therapy should be a mandatory type of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions.

This technology involves involving children in participating in a variety of games, during which they will have the opportunity to:

show emotions, experiences, imagination;
express yourself;
relieve psycho-emotional stress;
get rid of fears;
become more confident in yourself.

Play therapy is considered an excellent tool for combating childhood neuroses.

Self-massage training

In preschool institutions, pupils receive the first knowledge and skills of self-massage, acupuncture, and first aid. If you provide systematic massage, it is guaranteed to improve the functions of the receptors of the pathways and strengthen the reflex connections of the cerebral cortex with blood vessels and muscles. For example, self-massage of the ears is recommended for children from a very early age. It helps improve the functioning of body systems, develop perseverance, concentration, and has a positive effect on intellectual abilities. Self-massage in a playful way is the basis for the hardening and healing of children. By practicing self-massage, playfully, preschoolers receive positive emotions and joy. Exercises of this kind form a child’s conscious desire for a healthy lifestyle and contribute to the development of personal health skills.

Prevention of visual impairment

Health plays a special role in our lives. To remain a healthy person in every sense at the current pace of life, it is necessary to make serious efforts and pay a lot of attention to the issue of health improvement and prevention. One of the components of physical health, as its integral characteristic, is vision. Seeing the world, its diversity and bright colors is real happiness. A person has the opportunity to receive this happiness thanks to his eyes. To maintain a normal level of vision in kindergartens, the use of health-saving technologies is relevant. The preschool educational institution uses:

compliance with the light regime;
correct seating of children in classes;
short but frequent eye exercises.

During classes, teachers conduct physical education sessions or short dynamic pauses, which also include eye exercises to prevent diseases of the visual organs.