“Journey to the Village” Summary of a lesson on speech development for children of primary preschool age (4 - 5 years old)

The accumulated experience is not only about adults who are wise in life. A four-year-old child also has his own - albeit small, but noticeable compared to previous periods of development - life experience. At 4 years old, a child is still a baby, especially in the eyes of his parents: he talks funny, is surprised by new things and asks a lot of questions. But maturation is noticeable even in the appearance of a four-year-old. Childhood swelling smooths out, and the child begins to resemble a small adult.

If developmental norms for three-year-old children are more variable, then for four-year-olds these norms are already outlined quite clearly. Knowing what a 4-year-old child should be able to do, parents will be able to track and correct possible deviations.

Content:

• Basic knowledge and skills at 4 years old
• Norms of physical development Differences between boys and girls
• Weight and height
• Physical skills

Is there a mandatory standard?

All children are different and they develop differently. Therefore, there is no single standard regulating the skills and abilities of a young child.

The Federal State Educational Standard (federal state educational standard) determines the main directions of development of a 4-year-old child. They include basic everyday skills, physical activity, the ability to navigate the world around us, speaking skills, and understanding one’s gender role.

A neurologist monitors the baby’s development from birth. Therefore, parents need to periodically show their child to this specialist. The main function of a neurologist is to observe whether the child is developing correctly in order to identify possible deviations in time.

All the skills described above are not strictly necessary for four-year-old children. Each child develops at his own speed and may know and be able to do more or less than what is specified in the requirements.

Since the leading activity of preschool children is play, it is easier for them to master all new knowledge and skills in a playful form. The task of parents is to find or come up with useful games for the baby.

Basic knowledge and skills at 4 years old

What a child should be able to do at four years old - basic knowledge and skills:

• good control of your body: confidently move and navigate in space;
• be able to count to five and know what numbers up to five look like;
• it is enough to speak well: speech should become clearer compared to the age of three;
• possess self-service skills;
• understand some social norms: for example, distinguish good actions from bad ones.

Norms of physical development

Between three and four years of age, a child does not grow as quickly as at an earlier age. But the acquired physical and motor skills are sharpened, and new ones appear. At the age of four, differences in the physical abilities of boys and girls become noticeable.

Differences between boys and girls

Although the weight and height of four-year-old children of different sexes are still the same on average, the difference in physical development is already clearly visible:

1. Boys at 4 years old run faster, outperform their peers in outdoor games, and learn to ride a bicycle well earlier.
2. Girls at the age of four are ahead of their peers in intellectual development: they construct complex sentences, solve logical problems correctly, and easily memorize poetry.

Researchers who studied the thinking characteristics of preschool children found that this difference in development between boys and girls is associated with the structure of the brain. Four-year-old girls have a well-developed left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for developed intelligence and fluent speech.

With age, intellectual differences between children of different sexes are erased, and physical differences become even more noticeable.

Weight and height

The average height of children at four years old is 102-103 centimeters. Average weight - 16-18 kilograms. There may be deviations up or down from the average height and weight, depending on hereditary factors and the lifestyle of a particular child.

If your baby's height at 4 years is less than 94 centimeters, or he weighs less than 12 or more than 25 kilograms, it may be worth changing his daily routine and diet after consulting a pediatrician.

The norm of weight and height specifically for your son or daughter can be calculated as follows: in the interval between three and four years, the child should grow by 6-7 centimeters, and the weight should increase by 1-3 kilograms.

Physical skills

Physical skills that most 4-year-olds master:

• confidently handle a tricycle or scooter;
• eat completely independently, using cutlery deftly and as intended;
• know how to handle small parts of objects: correctly form multi-level pyramids, assemble construction sets and puzzles according to instructions or with the help of an adult.

Educational activities for children 4 years old in a playful way

The child is constantly in the game; parents only need to include the educational aspect in the game. Almost all games can be turned into educational activities for children 4 years old and older. And almost all toys can become educational material.

Constructors

Construction sets come first among educational toys. The construction set is a toy without gender division, as was previously thought; it will be equally interesting to both boys and girls. It is advisable to choose sets not only with different blocks, but also with characters, auxiliary items and objects. There are construction kits with the alphabet printed for learning letters; there are numbers and addition and subtraction signs; also constructors that introduce children to the world around them, animals of different countries and continents, seasons, professions. For example, “Lego Duplo” - in this series the parts are quite large, there are sets for the little ones from 1 year old, and there are from 2-5 years old. The following series of the designer come from 3 years of Lego Classic - it has smaller parts and there are more of them in the sets. You can choose separate series for boys and girls.

Games with a constructor, we develop:

Fantasy and speech skills

Ask your child questions while playing, let him imagine what will happen next. Let's give the task to come up with a new figure from the designer, it is not necessary to assemble only according to the diagrams. Act out scenes with the characters of the designer, come up with names for them, activities, where they will live, who they will be friends with.

Logic

Just build from blocks, with or without diagrams, create your own schemes. Draw a shape, the boundaries of an object or a letter on a piece of paper with a marker, and let the child put it together from blocks. Set boundaries for colors and shapes. The cubes can be used in many ways, even making patterns on the floor. You can write numbers and letters on the cubes and stick small stickers on them; then give the child tasks: to put together such cubes with images according to some characteristics or meaning. Build a labyrinth out of cubes, ask the child to go through it on his own, ask him to build a labyrinth for you.

fine motor skills

The smaller the parts, the more quickly the child learns to handle them, developing his fine motor skills.

Attention and memory

By assembling the construction set according to the diagram attached to it, the child learns to follow it carefully. There are a lot of separate books with new patterns for the Lego constructor, which can be purchased additionally in bookstores. You can draw up your own diagrams, sketch them, make your own catalogue—isn’t that an interesting project? You can also use these skills during the game itself, for example, by giving the task to collect from memory, as before, all the cars of a collided and crumbled train, etc.

Grammar

You can use a marker to write the letters of the Russian alphabet on the cubes, or stick stickers with letters and other images on the cubes, which you can also do with your child. These little stickers are sold in bookstores for planners. With the help of such prepared blocks, you can teach a child: asking you to select a letter to the desired image, putting the letters into syllables by connecting the blocks. You can make printed letters from the blocks themselves, after first drawing a diagram on a piece of paper. You can use blocks with letters and other images along with educational notebooks and books to make your learning more interactive and interesting.

Counting, addition and subtraction

Use number blocks and addition and subtraction signs that you can prepare with your children as described above. Or, for example, play a construction game: ask for a certain number of blocks of a certain color to be delivered to you, then add a few more of a different color, and stuff like that. The child perfects his counting in such interesting games.

Speech development

Use cubes with stickers depicting various objects - this way you can play store with characters, asking the child, in the role of a consultant, what he will recommend and why. Help him by introducing new words and let him use them in his explanations. Provoke your child to comment on the actions in the game - ask guiding questions. Learn to structure sentences correctly: by playing, for example, on a tourist excursion or in a train station, announcing the necessary announcements for train passengers.

Pros and cons of the designer

Pros of the construction set: If you use your imagination, the construction set is a very multifunctional toy, with it you can come up with a lot of educational activities for children of 4 years and almost any preschool age, and besides, it is so interesting.

Disadvantages of the designer: Many parents complain about small parts scattered throughout the house. However, this can be dealt with: build a special play mat for the construction set; which is pulled into a bag, collecting all the parts, at the end of the game.

Parents also note that their child assembles construction sets only according to diagrams without showing imagination. There is a solution here too - buy classic Lego Classic blocks, they are designed so that the child will come up with figures and games on his own.

Board games

Board games are very popular today. This is not only educational activities for children aged 4 years, but also a fun time with parents and friends, the joy of winning, and training in an adequate attitude in case of loss. Board games are designed for different ages of children; for preschoolers these can be: puzzles for learning the alphabet; dominoes with images, numbers and letters; various walkthroughs with simple rules; or card games with beautiful illustrations. All this can be found in toy stores.

1. Good educational games for preschool children are published by the publishing house LISCIANI; you can choose individual games for the development of any skill or sets.
2. Another good manufacturer of educational games is Miniland. The games are intended for the development and education of preschool children.
3. And of course, the quite popular “Tenth Kingdom” produces a very large assortment of educational and educational games for children, with their favorite cartoon characters, for children of different ages.
4. When looking for a game to develop a specific skill (learning letters, writing, reading, counting), consider all publishers of educational children's games. The choice is large, but you can find almost everything you need for educational activities with children.

The advantages of children's board games: Such games are built according to a ready-made plot (rules invented by the developers), you do not need to come up with tasks yourself, as with a construction set.

Disadvantages of board games: They have limited functionality and are almost always limited by instructions.

Favorite toys

Any children's toys can become educational activities for children aged 4 years, here it is the same as with a construction set - the main thing is to show your imagination.

Some ideas for playful activities for boys

If your child loves cars, you can stick letters or numbers on them and make a parking lot for them. For each parking space, stick or draw an image whose name begins with the letter pasted on the car. Or paste the number of images that are written in numbers on the typewriter. Stick addition, subtraction, and even signs on the cars - and you can solve examples while driving around the playing field (track).

On whatman paper you can draw a route with cities, forests, natural and architectural places, you can even depict weather conditions. When driving along such a highway, study the directions with your child (left, right, up, down); develop your speech by asking questions - “What happens if you turn left, where will you arrive? What can you do there?"; draw route maps so that the child follows them to reach the desired destination, this way he will train attentiveness.

Show your imagination and come up with your own games and tasks, in them you can develop and learn everything that teachers teach children 4 years old in preschool institutions.

Several ideas for playful activities for girls

Almost all girls love either dolls or toy animals - and there is a huge scope for imagination. You can also learn the alphabet with dolls and animals by sticking letters on them; Give candy to the dolls, let the dolls share with each other, count how many candies the dolls have under different conditions, etc.

Dolls and animals are great tools for role-playing games. We play shop (we study addition and subtraction, letters, how to write the names of products, develop speech and thinking). We play theater (we develop imagination, speech, logic, memory, thinking) - we come up with short scenes, characters, names, memorize short poems; you can take a fairy tale from a children's book and stage a puppet show with toys based on the book.

Even a simple role-playing game of improvisation will help develop all the necessary skills - ask the child as many questions as possible about the environment, talk about what he does not yet know.

Advantages of educational activities with favorite toys: The child is already immersed in games with his favorite toys, offer new scenarios in his game - interest in the activities is guaranteed.

Cons: You will have to actively use your imagination when developing a scenario for developmental activities, prepare additional materials (printouts of letters, numbers, cards with additional items). Although all these additional materials can be bought at a children's or bookstore.

Available materials

Perhaps the most creative educational activities for children aged 4 years are crafts from scrap materials. A variety of projects can be created from: natural materials, cereals, empty packaging, household items, paper and special materials for creativity.

Start with what you want to do (what task is ahead of you: learn letters, develop fine motor skills, etc.), what specific available tools are suitable for this, how to reliably glue or connect them - you need to show so much ingenuity. If you want to grow a creative personality, then more often resort to games made from improvised and natural materials.

Cereals and other small bulk objects (we develop motor skills and sensory skills)

Cereals can be sewn into toys made of thin fabric.

You can place the flour in an inflatable ball, deflate the air and tie it in a knot - the ball will hold its shape well. You can additionally decorate it with plastic eyes and attach hair (a thread tassel).

You can draw with grains and sand by placing them on a tray or gluing them to a sheet of paper.

By pouring cereal or sand into a box, you can make a playing field (beach, construction site, garden) for a child to play.

Paper

Children's origami, the simplest, can be done by a child as young as 4 years old.

Applique: You can help your child by drawing simple shapes, let him cut them out with children's scissors and glue them himself.

You can cut out any objects for learning from paper, make educational notebooks with elements of appliqué and drawing (a doll's house, a track for cars with different locations, a forest, a city, a store, etc.) Use ready-made stickers in such notebooks, children love them very much .

Tubes, toothpicks

Cut tubes or use matches to fold an applique or build a house, use glue.

You can make a chain from the short parts of the tubes, connecting one end to the other.

You can make a hedgehog or a porcupine from a toothpick and potatoes.

You can build a helicopter from tubes, thick paper and a toilet paper roll, then paint it with acrylic paints.

Natural materials (cones, twigs, pebbles, acorns...)

From all this goodness you can get a lot of crafts of animals, birds, and people. Use plastic eyes, bright threads and colored paper.

Large smooth stones can be painted and turned into fancy creatures by attaching eyes and rope tails to them.

Threads and balls

Remember, you probably made dolls and animals from pompoms out of strings.

Threads can be woven and tied to mesh fabric to create intricate patterns.

And these are just a few of the ideas that can be developed using available materials. Lesson principle: lay out the necessary materials in front of the child, give a direction, offer to make a craft using a little ingenuity. Guide your child, offer your ideas if he is at a dead end. A child, coming up with and bringing such ideas to life, develops not only creative skills, he learns logic and non-standard thinking. And be sure to accompany your classes with guiding questions, counting, writing letters or numbers, come up with names, stories, study everything that comes to your hand.

Daily routine

And don’t forget that your educational play can be used to benefit the household and develop independence in the child. What kind of household chores can a child be entrusted with?

Cleaning. Think in advance about each place (house) for toys, where they will live when they are not playing with them. By the end of the game you will need to send the toy to rest (go home to sleep). And be sure to follow with leading questions - “What will your black fluffy bear cub do at home before going to bed? Place a (toy) piece of fruit next to him for him to eat before bed. What fruit will you put in? What colour is he? Maybe put another one, how much fruit will the bear have then?” etc. Each item can be assigned a place (house) to which it must return to rest, otherwise it will become wrinkled, dirty (dusty), or lost.

Loading the washing machine and dishwasher. This is also a kind of quest for a child - to sort all things by color, texture, shape and purpose, set a program, there are numbers and letters that need to be remembered until next time. Children really like to press buttons, let them do it under supervision, - “I’ll check for you so that you don’t forget anything, otherwise you can break it...” - and then explain that - “When the program is running, you can no longer break it by pressing buttons, like and you can’t press it just like that, because it might break and flood your neighbors and us...” Be sure to accompany all actions with detailed explanations. Trust to load the dishes in a certain order, put one piece of dishes next to another of the same kind, set the program, etc.

Cooking. It’s a creative process, but you need to stick to the recipe, study new ingredients, their smells and tastes, and keep count. Trust your child to add to a recipe, explore and learn about ingredients, mix, layer, decorate, keep track of time—anything he can help with in cooking that will broaden his horizons and be appropriate for his age.

Motor skills

The coordination of a four-year-old child is developing better and better, acquired motor skills are consolidated and new ones appear:

• knows how to jump high and far, knows how to somersault;
• tries to hit the target with the ball, catches and holds the ball with both hands;
• standing on one leg, maintains balance for at least 10 seconds, makes several jumps on one leg;
• becomes quite flexible, easily tilting the body from a standing or sitting position, for example, in order to put on shoes;
• can walk on tiptoes;
• Dresses and undresses without adult help, or with little help if you need to cope with a difficult fastener or laces.

Fine motor skills

The development of a baby’s speech and the correct development of thinking and memory depend on well-developed fine motor skills. It’s good if by the age of four the child has the following fine motor skills:

• colors pictures without going beyond the outline;
• tries to keep the pencil straight when drawing dots, does not lift his hand from the sheet of paper;
• traces samples and stencils with a pencil;
• launches the spinning top;
• folds his fingers, showing shapes, for example, “flashlight”;
• laces his own shoes or at least tries to manage the laces;
• strings buttons or beads with large holes onto a thread;
• Cuts out paper shapes with scissors fairly smoothly.

If your child does not yet master each of these skills, it is easy to help him: together learn to tie shoelaces, play with beads, show how to make finger figures.

LiveInternetLiveInternet

nata_tursha

all posts by the author
Development of children from 4 to 5 years old. A guide to materials from the “Child Development” site.

Children from 4 to 5 years old

Development of Children from 4 years to 5 years.

In this section, we will help you find out and determine the level of development of your child, namely, what your child should know and be able to do between the ages of 4 and 5 years. What should a 4 year old child know and be able to do? This article is intended for your information and gives approximate norms for the degree of formation of your child’s mental processes at this age. You can check his potential in different areas of knowledge, find out in which areas of knowledge your child succeeds, and in which additional attention and time are required. In this section “Children from 4 to 5 years old” we have collected all the material published on our website that will help you and your child study and prepare for the next, more in-depth stage of classes. You can use the materials for your classes at home, in kindergarten or in primary school. Mathematics
A child aged 4 to 5 years should be able to:

1. The child must be able to determine the location of objects: right, left, middle, top, bottom, back, front. 2. The child must know the basic geometric shapes (circle, oval, square, triangle and rectangle) 3. The child must know all the numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Count objects within ten, correlate the number of objects with the desired number. 4. The child must be able to place numbers from 1 to 5 in the correct sequence and in reverse order. 5. The child must be able to compare the number of objects, understand the meaning: more - less, equally. Make unequal groups of items equal: add one item to a group with fewer items. 6. The child becomes familiar with the graphic image of numbers and learns to write numbers correctly.

Aids for classes:
1. Cards Teaching a child to count 2. Connect the numbers and color the picture 3. Game learning geometric shapes 4. Introducing the child to Geometric shapes 5. Cards with numbers from 0 to 10 6. Cards “which number is the odd one out” 7. Game for studying Geometric shapes 8. Writing Numbers 9. Numbers in words 10. Cards with Numbers-coloring 11. Puzzles-triple geometric shapes 12. Puzzles-triple Numbers and Counting 13. Geometric shapes.
Developing memory 14. Geometric shapes. Developing fine motor skills 15. Studying Geometric Shapes 16. Copybook in Mathematics 17. Learning to Count. Workbook 18. Learning to write Numbers from 1-9 19. Mathematical examples for preschoolers 20. Games with Geometric Shapes 21. Developing memory with Geometric Shapes 22. We correlate the quantity with the number 23. Entertaining tasks in mathematics 24. Orientation in space. Before and After 25. Cards with Numbers 26. Puzzle Counting from 1 to 10 27. Mathematics with Dice 28. Didactic games in mathematics 29. Puzzle Counting from 1 to 10 30. Mathematics with Dice for Children Logical Thinking - Development of Thinking , Memory, Attention
A child aged 4 to 5 years should be able to:

1. The child must be able to find differences and similarities between two pictures (or between two toys). 2. The child must be able to build according to the model of a building from a construction set. 3. The child must be able to put together a cut picture from 2-4 parts. 4. The child must be able to complete a task within 5 minutes without being distracted. 5. The child must be able to fold a pyramid (cups, placing them inside each other) without outside help. 6. The child should be able to put missing fragments of pictures into the holes. 7. The child should be able to name a group of objects with a general word (cow, horse, goat - domestic animals; winter, summer, spring - seasons). Find the extra item in each group. Find a pair for each item. 8. The child should be able to answer questions such as: Is it possible to sled in the summer? Why? Why do people wear warm jackets in winter? Why are windows and doors needed in a house? Etc. 9. The child should be able to select opposite words: a glass is full - a glass is empty, a tall tree - a low tree, walk slowly - walk quickly, a narrow belt - a wide belt, a hungry child - a well-fed child, cold tea - hot tea, etc. 10. The child should be able to remember pairs of words after reading them to an adult: glass-water, girl-boy, dog-cat, etc. 11. The child must be able to see incorrectly depicted objects in the picture, explain what is wrong and why.

Aids for classes:
1. Cards from the series find the extra object 2. Cards from the series find the extra object.
Part 2 3. Cards from the find the pair series 4. Find the shadow of the picture 5. Developing Logical Thinking 6. Big-Small Cards 7. Puzzles 8. Krasnoukhov's Puzzle 9. Logical Coloring Pages 10. Development of Attention 11. Development of Thinking 12. Development of Memory 13 Development of Memory.Part 2 14. Pick up a patch 15. Add the missing item 16. Game of opposites (Antonyms) 17. Entertaining activities with a child 18. Orientation in space. Right and Left 19. Game - “What is What?” 20. Game Catch a Fish 21. Game of Associations: Find a Pair 22. Game for the Development of Memory and Attention 23. Coloring magazine for children about Horses 24. Guess Whose Shadow Development of Speech
A child aged 4 to 5 years should be able to:

1. The child must use a thousand words, build phrases of 6-8 words. Even strangers, not just parents, should understand the child. 2. The child must understand how the human structure differs from the structure of animals, name their body parts (hands - paws, nails - claws, hair - fur). 3. The child must be able to correctly put nouns into the plural form (flower - flowers, girl - girls). 4. The child must be able to find an object according to its description (apple - round, sweet, yellow). Be able to independently write a description of an item. 5. The child must understand the meaning of prepositions (in, on, under, behind, between, before, about, etc.). 6. The child should know what professions there are and what people in these professions do. 7. The child must be able to maintain a conversation: be able to answer questions and ask them correctly. 8. The child must be able to retell the content of a fairy tale or story he has heard. Recite a few poems and nursery rhymes by heart. 9. The child must state his first and last name, how old he is, and name the city in which he lives. 10. The child should be able to answer questions regarding recent events: Where were you today? Who did you meet along the way? What did mom buy at the store? What were you wearing?

Teaching aids:
1. Letters of the Alphabet-Puzzles 2. Studying the letter A. What the letter A looks like. 3. Studying vowels 4. The alphabet in the form of cards 5. How to teach a child to read syllables 6. Learning to Read. Part 1 7. Learning to Read. Part 2 8. Learning to Read.
Part 3 9. Colored Letters of the Alphabet 10. Unique Alphabet by Letter 11. Lotto study Letters 12. Cards with Letters and Pictures 13. Pure Sayers 14. Counting Counters and Counting Counting Tables 15. Play and learn to read Syllables 16. Collect a Word from the Picture and Letters 17. Cards - What Letter does the Word Start with 18. Collect the Word from the Picture and Letters. Didactic Game The world around us
A child aged 4 to 5 years should be able to:

1. The child must be able to distinguish between vegetables, fruits and berries, and know what they are like when they ripen. 2. The child must know the names of insects, be able to talk about how they move (a butterfly flies, a snail crawls, a grasshopper jumps) 3. The child must know all domestic animals and their babies. 4. The child should be able to guess the seasons from pictures. Know the signs of each of them.

Aids for classes:
1. Cards Parts of the human body 2. Cards depicting Transport 3. Cards with Fruits 4. Cards with Vegetables 5. Cards learning Colors 6. Cards Furniture 7. Cards “animals and what they eat” 8. Cards “Clothing” and Shoes" 9. Cards Animals and Birds 10. Cards Professions 11. Structure of Tree and Leaves 12. Season Autumn 13. Season Winter 14. Season Spring 15. Season Summer 16. Cards learning Colors 17. Winter month - December 18. Winter month - January 19. Winter month - February 20. Classes on the topic Winter 21. Fruits and berries. Study and color 22. Vegetables. We study and color 23. Fruits and Berries (coloring cards) 24. Vegetables (coloring cards) 25. The month of spring - March

26. Spring month - April

27. Spring month - May 28. Unique books - Seasons 29. Summer month - June 30. Summer month - July

31. Summer month - August 32. Autumn months - September 33. Autumn months - October 34. Autumn months - November 35. Cards Electrical household appliances 36. About professions for children 37. My home.
Components of a house. 38. Cards Insects 39. Crockery and Cutlery 40. The world around us 41. Cards Game “What for What” 42. Cards Insects 2. 43. Cards Professions. Part 2 44. Cards Flowers 45. Cards Seasons and Natural Phenomena 46. Educational Games with Clothespins Household Skills
A child aged 4 to 5 years should be able to:

1. The child is already excellent at buttoning buttons, zippers and untying shoelaces; he can handle a spoon and fork well. 2. The child must be able to string large buttons or beads onto a thread. 3. The child must be able to accurately draw lines without lifting the pencil from the paper. 4. The child should be able to shade figures with even, straight lines, without going beyond the contours of the drawing. 5. The child must be able to trace and color pictures without going beyond the edges. 6. The child should be able to draw lines in the middle of the path without going beyond its edges. 7. The child must distinguish between the right and left hand.

Aids for classes:
1. Stencils for drawing 2. How to teach a child to tie shoelaces 3. Trace and color 4. Tic-tac-toe game in a new way 5. Signs and Properties of objects 6. Flowers applique 7. Getting to know the concepts: Right, left , above, below 8. Studying the Clock 9. Book My Home 10. Parts of the Human Body 11. Copybook for Left Handers 12. Game Catch a Fish 13. Bus for Little Ponies 14. Game - all Professions 15. My Home.
Components of a house. 16. Plasticine and beads 17. Board Game Tell us about your city 18. Children's Counting Books 19. Caterpillar made of Colored Cardboard 20. Learning colors with the help of Ice Cream 21. Applications from Buttons 22. DIY Christmas tree from Shishka 23. Cheerful Chupa-Chups 24. Learning Days of the Week English

A child between the ages of 4 and 5 can be introduced to the English language. Use manuals for parents and teachers for teaching English to children aged 4 to 5 years.

Aids for classes:
1. English Letter Puzzles 2. Cards with Letters of the English Alphabet 3. Number cards in English 4. Cards Fruits and Berries 5. Cards with English words. Part 1 6. Cards with English words. Part 2 7. Cards Furniture in English 8. Cards Electrical appliances 9. Cards Clothes 10. Cards Vegetables in English 11. Cards Months in English 12. Cards Transport in English 13. Puzzles Large and Small letters of the English alphabet

Sensory development and dental care

vision almost as as that of adults. Four-year-olds are rarely ready to read, but you can already introduce letters to your child. The main thing is to choose books, cards and other aids where the letters are printed in large font - this way the child’s vision will not be too strained.

hearing is already fully formed. The sense of smell is improved : the child feels and identifies complex odors. The skin remains sensitive to cold; the baby feels warmth in the same way as adults. Children aged four years feel the taste of food almost like adults, but with a slight difference: in a multi-component dish, the child mainly distinguishes the main component, poorly recognizing the nuances of taste of the remaining components.

Four-year-old children already have 16-20 baby teeth . Due to the fact that baby teeth are much more vulnerable than permanent teeth, you need to carefully monitor your child’s oral hygiene: teach your child to brush his teeth regularly and treat problem teeth in a timely manner. Keeping baby teeth healthy is very important: baby teeth removed early can cause improper jaw formation and lead to other problems. Thus, children who have lost their baby teeth early may have distorted facial features.

Logical thinking

At the age of four, visual-effective thinking is complemented by visual-figurative thinking. The baby learns the properties of objects not only by interacting with them, he can already think about them and draw appropriate conclusions.

At four years old, children should be able to:

• find an extra object in a group of similar ones;
• find differences in similar pictures;
• understand what elements are missing in the picture;
• come up with a logical end to a given storyline;
• find a way out of the drawn labyrinth;
• guess an object or animal from a verbal description.

In children, logical thinking develops naturally, from interaction with the world around them. But it can be improved if you work with your baby and play logic games - board and word games.

Speech of a child at 4 years old

The passive vocabulary of a 4-year-old child is 3,000 words: this includes those words that the baby actively uses in speech, and those whose meaning he knows, but rarely uses in speech. Passive vocabulary includes, for example, outdated words that are often found in fairy tales: plow, upper room, stupa and the like.

A four-year-old’s active vocabulary includes as many words as he needs to communicate with others—usually about 1,000 words.

What if the child does not speak or speaks poorly?

A child at the age of four can coherently tell how the day went, uses sentences of eight words or longer in speech, and clearly describes the objects he saw.

Speech development in four-year-old children may differ - girls usually speak quickly, while boys find it more difficult to find the right words. But if the child does not speak at all or severely distorts words, you should consult a pediatrician.

The absence of coherent speech at 4 years old may indicate delayed mental development, hearing problems, and severe stress. A pediatric neurologist, otolaryngologist and speech therapist will help parents understand the reason for the child’s silence.

Second language learning

Courses for studying English or another foreign language suggest starting to learn a second language at the age of four. At this age, children easily remember foreign names of objects and phenomena and are not shy about making mistakes.

But it is advisable that the child already has a fairly good command of Russian speech before starting to learn a second language - otherwise serious problems with the pronunciation of foreign words are inevitable, which will be difficult to correct later.

The best seven iOS games for iPad

Weather MarcoPolo

With this colorful application, your child will become familiar with various weather phenomena. Control of temperature, rain, wind, rainbow, valuable tips for parents on playing together with their baby, high-quality voice acting and animation - all this makes the application a very useful and exciting toy. It can be used in exercises to develop speech and logical thinking.

PepiBath

This application will become your faithful assistant in teaching your child hygiene skills. You can choose a boy or a girl as your hero. Together with them, the baby will learn to blow his nose, brush his teeth correctly, cut his nails and wash his hands on time.

TocaBand

If your child loves music, then he will really like this application. It is very easy to use and opens up wide possibilities for creating your own melodies. Funny musicians can be used to form any orchestra that will perform a very pleasant and rhythmic piece, written taking into account the rules of musical literacy.

LittleFoxMusicBox

Little Fox's Music Box features amazingly beautiful animation by Heidi Wittlinger (an Oscar-nominated animator, by the way). This is not just a music application, but a real recording studio with which the child can create his own melodies. In addition, the application includes three animated interactive clips of English folk children's songs.

Application for children

This is the simple name for a set of colorful puzzles of varying complexity. The riddle pictures are made in the style of Japanese cartoons and have simple funny plots that are understandable and close to a child. The application is perfect for developing logical thinking and visual memory.

Socialization: communication, emotions

At 4 years old, the child knows and accepts the norms of behavior in society. In communicating with peers, a four-year-old learns to share, play his role in the game, and recognize good and bad deeds. The child increasingly strives to communicate with peers, gradually separating from his parents. True, there are exceptions: when the baby does not want to play with other children and is more interested in spending time alone. This behavior is a variant of the norm and indicates the child’s character traits.

When communicating with adults, a well-socialized 4-year-old child follows the rules of etiquette: addresses himself as “you” and by his first name and patronymic, and follows the rules of behavior in kindergarten or other institutions. By the age of four, a child should know that he can only trust familiar adults, and that he should not talk to strangers or go somewhere.

The range of emotions of four-year-old children is quite wide: they are able to recognize the emotions of other people, restrain their own emotions, and actively use facial expressions and gestures to express feelings.

A four-year-old needs his own space - this could be a separate room or a play corner - where he feels like he is the master. A child may perceive an invasion of personal space without permission, even from close people, as painful.

conclusions

So, 4 years is a period of discovery, both for the baby and for his parents. A four-year-old child actively learns about himself and the world, his abilities and talents manifest themselves. The skills acquired earlier continue to be improved. The child’s intensive physical, mental and personal development occurs: the baby learns to control his body and emotions, memory, attention, thinking, speech and imagination develop. Four-year-olds simply need to communicate with their peers, because the development of children occurs mainly in role-playing games.

Psychological condition

Four-year-old children do not feel fear well - the task of parents is to tell their son or daughter about possible dangers: about potentially dangerous household appliances, about stray animals, about walking alone.

Normally, a psychologically developed child at the age of four should:

• take into account the assessment of your behavior by significant adults: parents, educators;
• be as independent as possible;
• be able to serve yourself in accordance with your age.

Cognitive development

At 4 years old, the baby strives to do a lot on his own, thanks to which his cognitive abilities develop intensively. The abilities of children attending a kindergarten or other preschool institution usually develop a little faster than those of children at home - communication with peers and regular classes with teachers have a positive effect on the formation of basic cognitive abilities: memory, attention, thinking.

Mental development

By the age of four, children can already do a lot. Children who go to kindergarten or attend enrichment classes usually have more intellectual skills than their peers sitting at home.

A four year old child should be able to:

• concentrate on the current activity for 7 minutes;
• know your full name, surname and patronymic, as well as the names of family members and home address;
• remember the way from home to kindergarten or other place where he often goes with adults;
• remember and be able to retell recently occurring events;
• collect puzzles with large elements;
• good orientation in space, distinguish between right, left, top, bottom;
• remember the main plot line of a fairy tale or story;
• compare objects by shape, size, color;
• know the time of day, seasons, be able to tell how they differ from each other;
• know the names of animals, objects, clothing items, etc.;
• perform simple tasks according to the model;
• color the pictures.

The development of memory, thinking, and attention directly depends on how much adults work with the baby. At this age, imaginative thinking predominates in children, and memory is directly related to emotions: the baby best remembers events that are emotionally significant for him.

Everyday skills

Four-year-old children can partially take care of themselves: dress and undress, carefully use the toilet, wash and brush their teeth. They are well oriented in their home, they know where specific things should be.

At 4 years old, the child himself strives to master new skills, and parents can teach him new skills in everyday life:

• to make one's bed;
• take dirty clothes to the laundry;
• keep order in a small area of ​​the house, for example, in the bathroom.

Self-care skills

The foundations of self-care skills are laid at the age of three. By the age of four, children can already perform basic household activities independently, without the help of adults.

The child must be able to:

• brush your teeth, rinse your mouth;
• wash, wash hands, dry with a towel;
• take a shower;
• go to the toilet independently;
• blow your nose into a handkerchief and wipe your nose and mouth;
• use a comb;
• fasten and unfasten buttons, zippers, Velcro;
• putting on and taking off clothes and shoes;
• use cutlery (spoon, fork, mug);
• know where different things are (toiletries, dishes, clothes);
• understand what things can be taken and what cannot;
• put away toys, fold clothes.

Some children at this age enjoy learning more complex household skills - sweeping the floor, dusting, washing dishes. The more adults encourage such activities (naturally, controlling their implementation), the faster the baby develops in everyday life.

Daily routine and child care

An approximate daily routine for a four-year-old child:

⠀ If a child does not attend kindergarten, at 4 years old he can refuse naps.

Four-year-olds need certain care from adults:

• remind your child of the importance of personal hygiene;
• walk longer in good weather;
• include hardening procedures in your daily routine: air and sun baths, rubdowns.

The world

Children aged 4 years are actively exploring the world around them. The task of parents is to help them in every possible way in this, replenishing their knowledge base. A 4 year old child should know the following:

• names and purposes of basic household items (dishes, refrigerator, TV);
• several names of trees and flowers;
• names of all parts of the human and animal body and understanding of the differences in the structure of the human body from the body of an animal (hands, paws, nails, claws);
• understand that people and animals, in addition to external organs, also have internal ones, know the names of some of them (heart, brain);
• be able to name and simply describe several professions (driver, doctor), know what parents do;
• distinguish between different types of transport;
• know the names of food products, be able to describe their taste (sweet, salty);
• distinguish the materials from which objects are made (wood, metal, paper);
• be able to name individual parts of an object (cup handle, table leg);
• know your age, city and country of residence;
• understand the main family ties (grandmother is mother’s mother, etc.).

This is the minimum set of knowledge that a four-year-old child should have. Children of this age can know much more. In kindergarten, they study weather phenomena, activities characteristic of different seasons (autumn - harvesting, etc.), the habits of animals and birds, and seasonal holidays.

Four-year-old children already clearly understand their gender roles. Boys know that they are future men, and girls know that they are women. Accordingly, the former begin to be interested in men's activities, and the latter - in women's.

When should you worry about your child's development?

Features of a child that at the age of four may indicate developmental delay:

• cannot concentrate on one activity even for a few minutes;
• does not control emotions, outbursts of aggression occur;
• does not play with toys and is not interested in them;
• does not use complex sentences in speech, generally has difficulty expressing thoughts orally;
• too mobile or, conversely, very slow.

If you notice such symptoms in a child, consult your local pediatrician.

English language

At preschool age, you can already start learning a foreign language. Kids easily remember words and do not have a psychological barrier that makes it difficult to pronounce the sounds of unfamiliar speech. Therefore, many parents take their children to English courses for preschoolers.

The main difficulty teachers of foreign languages ​​for children face is the difficulty of pronunciation. Not all children even pronounce Russian words correctly, let alone English ones. Another problem is that children often confuse the words of their native and foreign languages.

Children aged four years learning English know the names of various household objects, animals, and primary colors. They are also familiar with the words “mom”, “dad”, “grandfather”, “grandmother”, “brother”, “sister”.

How to help a child's development?

Activities that will help a 4-year-old child develop correctly:

1. Simple physical and chemical experiments. For example, with water freezing in the cold, with mixing settled water with ink.
2. Learning new mathematical concepts: “equal”, “wide-narrow”, “low-high”.
3. Reading children's books, retelling their fragments. Retellings can begin with one paragraph; over time, the child will be able to retell a whole chapter.
4. Applications and modeling.
5. Age appropriate sports: skiing, swimming, running.

Games

Games for developing memory, attention and thinking of four-year-old children:

1. Any role-playing games that allow children to use their imagination and imagine themselves in a new role. Such games can be improvised or organized: children can play classic “daughter-mother” games themselves or, under the guidance of an adult, play according to a pre-thought-out plot, for example, “One Day at School” or “At a Doctor’s Appointment.”
2. Games to develop emotional intelligence. Ask your child to emotionally depict different moods: show a very tired person, a gloomy cloud, a smiling sun.
3. The game “Come up with another name” perfectly develops children's imagination. Invite your child to come up with other names for common objects: a spoon is a “porridge scooper,” boots are “armor against dirt,” rags for wiping dust are “a weapon for cleaning.”
4. Age-appropriate didactic games: sorters, puzzles, educational cards.
5. Drawing blindly. The child draws without opening his eyes, and then comes up with what the resulting confusion could mean.

Despite noticeable maturation, the main activity for a four-year-old child remains playing. Try to include playful moments in different life situations - even the process of dressing can be framed as a fun game. Without feeling pressure and demands, your child will develop on time and at a pace that is comfortable for him!

Top 8 Android Apps

SagoMini Trains

The app will take your child on an exciting train ride through one of three locations - a city, a magical forest or a winter fairy tale. Along the way, the driver needs to pick up cargo and passengers. This is a great option for a long journey, since the game does not require an Internet connection.

Animal doctor

The application is a high-quality simulator of the work of a veterinarian. During the game, the child will learn to take care of pets and learn how to help a pet during illness. The app has nice animations and contains a lot of interesting information about health and hygiene, presented in simple language.

Fixies: Masters on a helicopter!

Favorite characters will help your child solve many interesting puzzles that develop logical thinking, memory, and the ability to synthesize and analyze information. The child’s task is to quickly fix various breakdowns throughout the city, and this is where a helicopter is needed.

Learning to Read in English. Preschool education

The application is built on the principles laid down by Maria Montessori. It is based on a plot about animals bewitched by an evil sorceress who need to be saved. The words are voiced by native speakers, thanks to which the child will hear the letter exactly as it sounds in a particular word. The game has 16 levels of varying difficulty. Training goes from simple to complex.

Dinobum

The application includes 20 educational puzzles of varying complexity to develop logic and thinking. Compare dinosaur figures, assemble puzzles, find a suitable shadow - these and other tasks will help your child learn to classify and organize objects according to different criteria.