Leisure and Entertainment in Kindergarten (Their Types)

Organizational aspects

It is necessary to unite the children and make friends. This applies to new groups. The guys don’t know each other yet, so it’s better to immediately accustom them to certain rules of behavior in a given place and at a given time. And the easiest way to do this is during playful, creative and entertaining activities.

In groups where children are already familiar with each other, it is necessary to monitor their relationships, track their social roles, and, if necessary, adjust the behavior of preschoolers.

There is a very simple test.
Children are offered flowers cut out of paper (balls, suns, stars, etc.) of different sizes, from very small to large. And the task is given: choose a flower or an image that is involved in the test, and place it on a sheet of Whatman paper (on a table or some other surface).
The teacher can be the first to take the picture and place it anywhere. Next, you need to analyze the children's choices. Some will choose the largest flowers and place them in the center, others will want to stick the flower closer to the teacher.
Mostly, children place flowers next to other flowers. But there are also those who will choose the smallest flowers and put them in the corner. It is these kids that you will need to pay special attention to. They clearly feel lonely, almost outcasts; such guys are shy and often have low self-esteem.

It is imperative to use an individual approach and take into account age characteristics in your work. It is logical to assume that entertainment for children in the middle group should be more difficult than for the younger group. In this case, leisure activities will be more conducive to the objectives of the child’s full development.

So, if a teacher knows the group, has studied the children, and has chosen an approach to each child, he can successfully organize their leisure time. What can we offer to preschoolers?

Organization of the final event in the system of work on complex thematic planning

Natalya Izbasarova
Organization of the final event in the system of work on complex thematic planning

The choice of the form of organization and conduct of the final event depends on and is closely related to the theme of the period and types of children's activities:

Reading fiction,

from the contingent of children, the solution of specific problems, as well as the professional skills of teachers and their creative approach.

The final event is a joint activity of adults and children, therefore, like any other joint activity, it involves the following activity components :

a single space for interaction between participants;

dividing a single process into related activities;

interaction between participants (interconnections, interdependencies)

;

sequence of actions in accordance with the goal;

need for process management (management activities)

;

having a single result.

The final event can take place in the form of entertainment, leisure, celebration, themed celebration, theatrical performance (performances, dramatizations, musical and literary entertainment (concerts, quizzes, performances, exhibitions, sports entertainment, role-playing games, fun, magic tricks (with water, objects)

and other types.

In our kindergarten, the final event is planned and carried out taking into account the above requirements. (Take thematic planning of a day-to-day class and give examples, then show photographs).

Literature used in the selection and preparation of the final event . (Give an example and show)

Disadvantages: not all teachers have switched to new forms of organizing work with children , they often cannot move away from the old teaching model, they do not always approach these events , there is not enough material, so they are not diverse enough in topic and form of organization , are poorly saturated with various types of activities, the process is not always sufficiently motivated.

Methodological support for educators in the context of updating planning forms Planning is the central link of any activity. This is the process of developing a plan, including understanding the steps to achieve it. Plan -.

Source

Types of entertainment in kindergarten

Associated with various holidays

State and international , for example, New Year, Children's Day, February 23, March 8, Mother's Day, Victory Day, etc.

Orthodox, folk, folklore , for example, Christmas, Trinity, Christmastide, Maslenitsa, etc.

Holidays that are traditionally celebrated in this institution, for example, birthdays, graduations, etc.

Holidays that are not tied to any date are held exclusively for the joy of children, for example, physical education activities, a party of balloons or soap bubbles.

Associated with the time of year

In the fall, children either come to kindergarten for the first time or return to their old group. In any case, they go through primary or repeated adaptation to the new rhythm of life. You can organize a “Farewell to Summer” holiday, a drawing competition about summer. It will be useful to observe nature.

Winter activities in kindergarten include outdoor games (slideslides, snowball fights, building a snowman and other objects, drawings in the snow, winter Olympic games, etc.), as well as indoor activities (cutting out snowflakes, KVN on a winter theme, learning poetry, conversations about winter traditions with a short excursion into history, etc.)

In spring you can organize nature observation. Let each child choose which tree, twig, or bush he will watch. It will be good to correlate these observations with the autumn ones.

In summer, outdoor sports activities for preschoolers are especially popular, as well as games in the sandbox, which can be organized in the form of a competition.

Related to the type of activity and its content

Theatrical activities develop children's artistic talents, teach them to liberate themselves and not be afraid to speak in front of an audience. This could be participation in a play, a puppet theater, or acting out scenes using magnetic figures. This also includes any role-playing games.

Musical and literary classes develop aesthetic taste and the desire for beauty. This includes listening to musical works, reciting by heart (reading competition), singing, conversations about the perception of classical music, etc.

Sports entertainment in preschool educational institutions has a positive effect on children’s health and strengthens them. They are organized both indoors and outdoors, depending on the time of year and weather conditions. Their benefits are difficult to overestimate, so the physical training of children in the future depends on well-organized physical education classes. Sports and outdoor games, competitions and relay races, Olympics, etc. are used here. Of course, a sports festival in the older group, unlike the younger one, is often competitive in nature.

Cognitive leisure activities involve the mental development of children, motivate them to acquire new knowledge, form curiosity and logical thinking, and train their memory. Within the framework of this direction, thematic conversations and quizzes are held about the lives of famous people, acquaintance with continents and peoples, traditions of different countries, etc. takes place.

Ecological entertainment serves the purpose of instilling respect for nature and the environment. You can conduct thinking games, for example, “What will happen if everyone litters?” It is also important to organize wildlife observations. This will teach respect for animals and plants.

Actual entertainment activities , the purpose of which is to entertain and amuse the child. These are jokes, surprises, various tricks, riddles.

Related to the degree of children's participation

The guys are passive participants , they are just spectators or listeners. However, in this case, it is useful to involve children in decorating the event venue and creating invitation cards.

Children prepare and perform performances, numbers, skits. The main thing is that all the kids are involved.

Preschoolers participate in the event together with adults (teachers, parents). Such joint projects, although more difficult to organize, have a beneficial effect on the relationship between parents and children, because mom and dad are given a unique opportunity to see their child from the outside, understand his achievements, and possibly identify problems.

In the process of organizing children's leisure activities, the teacher must always remember safety precautions. Especially when playing outdoors.

It is also important to involve all children in the fun and not let anyone sit on the sidelines.

It is useful to conduct conversations following the results of a holiday or any other event for preschool children, recording the result in the form of drawings or other crafts, designing a wall newspaper on which, for example, photographs of children will be pasted.

When properly organized, entertainment activities cover the aesthetic, ethical, cognitive, moral, communicative, and spiritual culture of the preschooler. It has a positive effect on unlocking the creative potential of kindergarteners. Therefore, its implementation must be carried out purposefully, using all available types of activities.

In the aspect of the problems and contradictions identified above, we determined the theme
of the regional base site “Introduction of innovative technologies into the educational process of preschool educational institutions for the development of creative abilities of preschool children using LEGO construction.”
The problem of developing the creative abilities of preschool children in modern conditions of social development is also relevant pedagogically significant. At the present stage of preschool education, the emphasis of knowledge, skills and abilities is transferred to the formation of mental processes and the development of the child’s personal qualities, such as curiosity, determination, independence, responsibility, creativity, ensuring social success and contributing to the formation of an intellectual creative personality. The development of creative abilities using LEGO construction will contribute to the development of the following qualities in preschoolers:

— the ability to make decisions and achieve the required result in problem situations, independently replenishing the lack of knowledge and information;

— the ability to interact positively with people of other cultures, languages and religions;

- the ability to independently acquire certain skills.

- the ability to defend one’s point of view, while listening to others.

LEGO technology is relevant in the context of the implementation of federal state educational standards for preschool education (hereinafter - Federal State Educational Standards for Preschool Education), because:

— allows for the integration of educational areas. (“Socio-communicative development”, “Cognitive development”, “Artistic and aesthetic development”.)

- enables the teacher to combine play with research and experimental activities.

-allow the teacher to combine education, upbringing and development of preschool children in the game mode (learn and learn in the game);

— promotes the formation of cognitive actions, the formation of consciousness; development of imagination and creative activity; ability to work in a team. Due to its pedagogical versatility, LEGO technology serves as the most important means of developmental learning in educational institutions.

Head L.I. Moiseenko made an opening speech; she spoke about the role of LEGO construction in educational activities with preschoolers and about the system of work organized in the preschool educational institution for LEGO construction.

The teachers attended a lesson on LEGO construction in the preparatory group “Journey through the LEGO Country”, which was conducted by N.K. Tsurupa. E. V. Komarova and N. V. Sinkova made presentations “LEGO construction as a factor in the development of the personality of a preschooler”, “History of the creation of the LEGO construction set”. Educator M. Yu. Zhibinova gave a master class “LEGO construction - the first step in developing the technical skills of a preschooler” for the participants of the event; educators practically got acquainted with LEGO construction games that can be used in their work with children. As a warm-up, N.V. Sinkova conducted games with teachers to develop creative abilities.

Head L. I. Moiseenko and speech therapist N. V. Sinkova told the site participants about the equipment for working with children with disabilities and disabilities received under the “Accessible Environment” program, and also talked about the use of this equipment in working with children.

The importance of entertainment evenings in preschool educational institutions. Types of entertainment, the role of music in them.

In the process of musical education of preschool children, evenings of entertainment occupy a special place. They are bright moments in the lives of children, they delight them, enrich them with new, long-lasting impressions, promote creative activity and the organization of a friendly team.

Evenings of entertainment contribute to the all-round development of the child:

♦ preschoolers get acquainted with various types of arts (musical, visual, elements of theater) and literature, their best examples;

♦ evenings of entertainment excite joyful feelings and increase the vitality of children;

♦ contribute to the unity of children and adults, evoke feelings of goodwill, sympathy, and trust in each other;

♦ allow each child to express their individuality and believe in their capabilities.

There are 3 types of entertainment evenings:

1. Organized for children by adults;

2. Conducted by the children themselves, but with the help of adults;

3. Organized by adults with the participation of children in the preparation of the program and performance of numbers.

Entertainment evenings come in a variety of forms:

1. Concert. 2. Puppet theater (Petrushka folk theater, on stage boards, puppets, on open and closed canes). 3. Shadow theater. 4. Shadow theater. 5. Tabletop toy theater (planar and volumetric). 6. Theater of Five Fingers. 7. Staging on flannelgraph. 8. Dramatizations of fairy tales, stories, poems, and musical works. 9. Celebrating children's birthdays. 10. Evenings of sports games and entertainment. 11. Listening to radio broadcasts, watching TV shows and filmstrips. 12. Evenings of games, fun and attractions. 13. Evenings of children's amateur performances. 14.Theatrical performances.

In entertainment conducted by adults, dancing is used,

songs that children already know or that they will learn, as well as artistic and musical works that are difficult for children to perform, but quite accessible to children’s perception.

For evenings of entertainment of the second type, mainly material from regular classes in music, speech development, and visual arts, learned in individual lessons, is used.

Instrumental and vocal music plays a big role in entertainment evenings. Accompanying the children’s actions, she emotionally deepens the images they create, helps to activate all participants - both “actors” and “spectators”, and later naturally enters into the children’s everyday life, becoming close and loved to them.

Musical entertainment evenings, i.e. consisting entirely of music, are held only once a month in each age group. In dramatizations of fairy tales, short stories, poems, and musical works, she stimulates the child to expressive play and helps create the desired image. Being both an episode and the basis of the performance, an organic component of the performance, music characterizes the behavior and actions of the characters.

At other evenings of entertainment, music is only a desirable episode; it decorates the performance, deepens the children's impressions, but is not the leading component. It occupies the same place in birthday celebrations, staging on flannelgraph, evenings of jokes, fun, attractions, and sports entertainment.

Evenings of entertainment require certain preparation of both the music director and the entire teaching staff. Songs and dances are carefully learned; scenes are selected for a tabletop toy theater, shadow theater, and puppet theater; the necessary scenery and costumes are made.

These evenings should be held systematically in the evening. Usually they are held in a hall where there is a piano, but they can also be held in group rooms, in a kindergarten area, a forest clearing, or a summer house.

It is very important that all children take part in evenings of entertainment, including those who are not performers of numbers or roles. The teacher must find an opportunity for all children to sing a song and dance. At entertainment evenings, children can perform individually, in small groups or as a whole team.

Entertainment and holidays in the musical development of preschool children

Introduction

According to experts, all children are naturally musical, and preschool age is a sensitive period for the formation of abilities, including musical ones. It has been noticed that constant communication with music awakens in a person a keen observation of the voices and harmonies of nature, instills the ability and need to associate various phenomena of the surrounding world. The level of musical culture among preschoolers is very low - this is a problem today. Holidays and entertainment, developed on the basis of theoretical and practical research, provide invaluable assistance here. They have a huge influence and significance on the musical development of a child. The purpose of our work was to study the importance of entertainment and holidays in the musical development of preschool children. We set the following tasks: 1) determine the importance of entertainment in the musical development of children; 2) consider the types and forms of entertainment, their organization and conduct;

3) reveal the use of music in entertainment provided by the teacher;

4) substantiate the significance of holidays in the musical and aesthetic development of preschool children;

5) outline the role of music at children's parties; 6) highlight the main points of preparation for the holiday for children, teachers and employees of preschool educational institutions and the role of music at children's parties; 7) develop a script for one of the forms of entertainment provided by the teacher, including music.

The importance of entertainment in the musical development of children.

Entertainment represents the most exciting events in children's daily lives. Delivering joy and aesthetic experiences. They, first of all, are a means of aesthetic development of the child, since they use various types of arts, and also contribute to the development of children's interest in music. Entertainment using music is the most important means of introducing children to musical performances and improving musical perception. “Entertaining - educating” - this principle, as you know, is widely used in kindergartens. Entertainment helps to show children interesting sights, bring joy, and give them the opportunity to show independence and creative activity. Their use expands the sphere of pedagogical influence on the comprehensive development of preschool children and contributes to the manifestation of positive personality traits. Entertainment broadens children's horizons, knowledge about music, and increases interest in it. In an interesting form, children more easily perceive the nature and content of a musical work and movement; they become more active and creative, since the saturation of entertainment with emotional and entertaining moments increases the interest, and, consequently, the activity of children in everything that is offered to them during entertainment. The collective experiences of children form in them the rudiments of social feelings and relationships. Music in entertainment is used in different ways: in one case it constitutes the main content (musical games, concerts, children's operas, round dances, choreographic miniatures), in another case it is used partially (performances, dramatization games, compositions). It is important to skillfully select music for entertainment, taking into account their pedagogical orientation and music, with simple, memorable and favorite melodies. [5]. Thus, music in entertainment is of great and paramount importance.

Types and forms of entertainment, their organization and conduct.

A puppet theater is easy to organize in every kindergarten: almost all dolls can be bought at a toy store, made with your own hands, and a screen can be made with the help of a carpenter or parents. Music precedes the performance or serves as a setting for its individual moments. Rarely does a performance take place without singing and dancing puppets. Shadow theater. It is played not by three-dimensional dolls, but by silhouette dolls. Children love to sing along with the performers of familiar songs and watch how the dark figures of people, animals, birds, and beasts move on a brightly lit screen. Musical performances of this theater can either be performed entirely with children singing, or with the soloist and choir singing alternately, or with an adult singing. Shadow theater is the presentation of a skit, a poem, a short fairy tale through the reflection of the shadow of finger manipulations on a wall or a white screen.

Tabletop toy theater. For it, ordinary three-dimensional toys or figurines made of cardboard and plywood are usually used. The teacher manipulates toys with his hands. So that the children can see everything clearly, they are seated in a semicircle in front of the table - the stage. Fairy tales, stories, nursery rhymes, and poems that are usually familiar to children are staged. The text of the dramatization must be well learned by the “actors”. The musical material for tabletop theater performances are small songs and jokes. Sometimes they show, using recordings, only individual movements: hares jump, cats wash themselves, dolls dance.

The theater of fingers (bi-ba-bo) does not require special equipment: a high screen, scenery, curtain, etc. The main thing in this theater is the heads of the puppets, with which you need to carefully rehearse the scenes or plays selected for the show. You can purchase it at the store or make the doll heads yourself from paper, papier-mâché, potatoes, cloth, table tennis balls, etc.

Staging on flannelgraph has been successfully used in kindergarten. Using a flannelgraph, it is recommended to stage any fairy tales with not too dynamic action, stories about nature - flowers, trees, birds, animals. The performance can be accompanied by music appropriate to its content. Flannelograph is applicable in all groups without exception.

Listening to radio broadcasts. Listening to fairy tales, stories, and music can play a big role in the aesthetic development of children. The perception of radio broadcasts is complicated by the lack of visually specific images, so adults must explain to children who is speaking. After the program, it is necessary to exchange impressions with the children to find out how they understood its content. A culture of behavior should be cultivated: children should be taught to listen carefully without disturbing their friends. Watching TV shows is not very common in kindergartens, primarily because TV channels set aside too late a time for preschoolers. Basically, TV shows can be watched with children from night groups in the evening hours.

Showing filmstrips is a very good entertainment for children. It is conducted by the teacher himself, who can hold any frame on the screen and draw the children’s attention to the most interesting details. During the viewing process, the teacher helps children understand the content of the filmstrip and form a certain attitude towards the actions of the characters. Recently, filmstrips with records have begun to be produced, which further increases the effectiveness of the display.

Concerts are organized by invited artists, former kindergarten students, students of music schools, adults, as well as children attending kindergarten. They present various types of arts - artistic expression, music, dance. Sometimes concerts consist only of musical works. When you get acquainted, for example, with certain musical instruments - domra, button accordion, balalaika, violin, etc. - you can play musical pieces on them and sing to their accompaniment. Evenings of children's amateur performances have the character of a home concert celebration. They do not require special preparation for children, since they include songs, dances, poems, and games learned in everyday classes. Children can perform individually, in groups of several people, or, if they wish, all together. The teacher only arranges the sequence of children’s performances, taking into account the change in types of musical and literary activities.

Celebrations of children's birthdays are usually held in the circle of their group, but sometimes in the hall. At these evenings, children sing songs at the request of the heroes of the occasion, perform their favorite dances, play games, and recite poems. Usually at the end of the evening, children give homemade gifts to the heroes of the occasion, and then drink tea. Evenings of sports games and entertainment may consist of children's favorite non-plot musical games; attraction games; sports games with tasks that develop dexterity and ingenuity; outdoor games with competitions. The program of these evenings often includes sports-themed songs and marches. For example, the game “Competition”, music by F. Gershova, consists of marching, running, arm exercises, squats, playing with an imaginary ball, jumping over an imaginary rope, and calm walking.

Dramatizations of fairy tales, short stories, poems, musical works, and theatrical performances involve children’s gradual assimilation of the material. These types of entertainment go very well with creative play, in which the child quickly masters the peculiarities of the movements of individual characters and remembers the text. Children love to learn fairy tales, songs, stories and perform “theatrical performances” in front of “spectators.” There are special musical fairy tale operas written for children.

Evenings of games, fun, attractions. Riddles, funny humorous poems, ditties, nursery rhymes and tongue twisters, simple attractions (“Bonfire”, “Who can tie a scarf for your sister the fastest”, “Lay the table”, etc.) bring children great joy and untold pleasure. These evenings can also be spent in the form of an exciting game. When drawing up a program for evening entertainment, you should take into account the workload of children, skillfully alternate spectacular moments with games, tasks that need to be thought through, with dancing, and attractions. Evenings of entertainment should be presented in the musical director's perspective and in the teacher's calendar. They are carried out once every 7-10 days, 3-4 times a month. In summer - weekly. Their duration can vary: from 5-7 to 30-45 minutes, depending on the age of the children and the content of the material. It is very important that evenings of various types of entertainment are held throughout the year and that all children attend them both as actors and as spectators [2]. Thus, the world of entertainment is very diverse and each has its own characteristics and focus not only in content, but also in organization and conduct.

3. The use of music in entertainment provided by the teacher.

Music in entertainment is used in different ways: in one case it constitutes the main content (musical games, concerts, children's operas, choreographic miniatures, round dances), in another it is used partially (performances, dramatization games, musical and literary compositions). But in all cases, it is necessary that expediency be observed in the use of music: either as a leading element that determines the basis of entertainment, or as a means that enriches and complements the content. New pieces of music should not be used frequently. Children's recognition of familiar melodies in situations unexpected for them or in an unusual environment causes an emotional uplift and helps expand their musical understanding. Incorporating familiar songs, dances, and games learned in class will bring them genuine pleasure and joy. As a rule, in entertainment, music is either performed by adults (songs, instrumental pieces) or performed by children (songs, dances, games, etc.). In this case, it is important to take into account the principle of accessibility: in the first case - for its perception by children, in the second - for its execution by children. However, it should always be bright, imaginative music, with a simple, memorable melody, and a fairly expressive arrangement. You can also use a recording. The solo, choral and orchestral sound of music performed by musicians and famous choirs contributes to the development of aesthetic perception of music. It can also be a separate musical fragment, representing a complete musical form. It is advisable to include music on any sound-reproducing devices (tape recorders, electrophones) in order to design theatrical performances, when creating a general musical or rhythmic background characteristic of certain types of entertainment [3]. Thus, the use of music in entertainment conducted by the teacher has its own characteristics and direction.

The importance of holidays in the musical and aesthetic development of preschool children.

A special place in the education of preschool children is occupied by the holiday, one of the main goals of which is the formation of various emotions and feelings, which are the most important condition for personal development. The holiday combines various types of art: music, literary expression, dance, dramatization, visual arts; therefore, first of all, it develops in children aesthetic feelings, an aesthetic attitude towards the surrounding reality [4].

A children's holiday is an important part of a child's life; it is a joyful event that allows you to relax, shake yourself up, forget, and sometimes just take a break from everyday life. And the words have almost become an aphorism: “There is no childhood without holidays!” Holidays spiritually enrich a child, expand his knowledge about the world around him, help restore old and good traditions, unite and encourage creativity. [1]. The holiday is a speech environment that is so necessary for children; an excellent situation for activating speech and its communicative function. The holiday reveals the richest opportunities for the comprehensive development of a child. This is the joy of communication, the joy of creativity and co-creation, self-expression, the joy of mutual enrichment, emancipation and [6]. The musical activity of children occupies the main place at matinees. This determines the special role of the musical repertoire and the requirements for its selection. The significance of the matinee as one of the means of aesthetic education is determined not only by the influence of music, but also by the combination of various types of arts in it, which complement each other in solving one topic, which makes it possible to express it most fully. The bright, artistic decoration of the hall creates solemnity, pomp and immediately puts children in high spirits when they enter the hall. An emotional upsurge is created by the greeting of the host who opens the holiday. In the poems that children read, the roll call most fully and specifically conveys the main idea of the holiday [3]. Thus, the holiday carries a special musical and aesthetic load on the development of a preschooler

5. The role of music at children's parties.

Music, having a great power of emotional impact, creates the appropriate mood in children: solemnly elated, calm, cheerful. First, it is necessary to create a general upsurge of feelings, to bring to the consciousness of children the main idea of the holiday. As the action progresses, the musical accompaniment of the holiday varies and depends on the content of the next performance. The sounds of a cheerful march set the children up for a festive procession. The playful nature of a dance melody or a calm, lyrical song evoke a corresponding emotional response. Music deepens the artistic images of the poetic text, evoking in children a feeling of empathy for the content of the song. The musical repertoire used at matinees is quite diverse. Its choice is dictated, first of all, by established general principles: it must meet educational objectives, have artistic value and be accessible for children to perform. It is selected in accordance with different types of musical activities - singing, musical games, dancing and staging. For this purpose, songs, plays by Soviet composers, and folk melodies are selected. The content of the musical repertoire is determined by the theme of the matinees [3]. Thus, music at holidays has a deep and powerful impact.