Experience of a preschool educational institution: Modeling technology when introducing preschool children to the basics of geography.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Author: Pastukhova Lyudmila Ivanovna Educator, first qualification category MADOU “Kindergarten No. 48” Sverdlovsk region, Verkhnyaya Pyshma

According to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, the subject-spatial environment must provide the opportunity for communication and joint activities of children and adults, and ensure the maximum realization of educational potential. Mandatory equipment includes materials that activate children’s cognitive activity.

Along with traditional methods, innovative pedagogical technologies are used for the intellectual development of preschool children. One of the promising technologies is prototyping.

Layout – a reduced model of an object (forest, mountains, field, lake, volcano, solar system, etc.).

The main characteristic of a model is that it reflects, contains the essential features of nature, and reproduces in a convenient form the most significant aspects and features of the modeled object.

I relied on the experience of Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Korotkova, who distinguishes the following types of layouts:

• floor, and then it has larger structural volumes
• desktop, then the size is limited by the size of the table or part of it
• podium (on special podium stands)
• wall in the form of three-dimensional subject paintings with a foreground subject plan and a background picture.

The use of game layouts in a subject-spatial environment meets the principle of integration of educational areas:

• Promote children's speech development. When working with the model, children describe, compare, talk about various phenomena and objects of nature, reason, thereby expanding their vocabulary.
• There is a close connection between the use of layouts and FEMP. In the process of work, children consolidate such mathematical concepts as space, quantity, size, etc.
• Layouts are of great importance in the development of children's play activities. The layout is considered by children as a play environment where various game plots can be developed, which contributes to the development of communicative initiative in children.
• The use of layouts plays a huge role in the cognitive development of children. The use of layouts on various topics increases the level of curiosity and cognitive interest.
• Layouts create favorable conditions for the sensory development of children: working with materials of different texture, quality, and shape promotes the development of external senses and activates fine motor skills of the hands.
• Layouts in artistic and aesthetic development help children highlight details, color, texture.

Any type of educational activity with children at all its stages requires competent organization and leadership from the teacher. Layout is no exception. The teacher highlights the main stages of work on creating and using a particular layout.

In the process of developing a game with layouts, the following tasks are solved:

• conditions are created to enrich children's ideas about the world around them.
• cognitive interest in living nature, emotional responsiveness and curiosity develops
• skills of correct behavior in nature are formed
• goodwill, responsiveness to the natural world, and careful attitude towards it are fostered.

The following forms of working with the layout are used:

• educational and research activities
• play activity
• productive activity

Methodological techniques for working with the layout:

• examination
• conversation
• reading fiction
• writing short stories
• didactic games.

In early preschool age, children are just beginning to form ideas about living nature. Simple layouts and models created by the hands of teachers form initial ideas about natural objects. But it is not the presence of the layout that shapes it, but the ability to communicate with it, the game. With younger preschoolers, work involves examining finished products and manipulating them. A conversation about nature or a natural object that the model depicts.

In the life of older preschoolers, director's play with small toys occupies a large place, when the child creates an imaginary situation, invents an event with characters, identifying himself with them, performing one of several roles, and modeling real social relationships in a playful form.

A model is a type of children's activity that helps to consolidate ideas about the natural world, allows one to transform acquired knowledge into play, saturating children's lives with new impressions and stimulating children's creativity. The layout is the result of constructive and creative activity and a very attractive playing space. Kids love playing with these layouts! The work of making models is labor-intensive, but very interesting!

I present some of the models that I made for my students. They are made of various materials. Layouts are multifunctional and their use in work is multifaceted, which makes it possible to solve many problems.

• Layout “On the roads and streets of the city” . The layout represents the roadway and parts of the street. Contains models of buildings and cars. It's two-sided. On the other side

"park" , "streets" .

• Layout "Waterfall"
• Africa layout
• Layout "Garden"
• Layout "Village Compound"
• Layout "World of Insects"
• Layout "Antarctica"
• Layout "Russian hut"
• Model “Water cycle in nature”
• Layout "In the world of dinosaurs"
• Layout "Forest floors"
• Layout "Fairy Tale on the Carpet"

Thus, the use of models in working with children is one of the innovative technologies that contribute to the formation of gaming skills, search activity and cognitive activity of each child. I am convinced that the use of layouts in preschool educational institutions will take its rightful place in the process of cognitive activity of preschool children.

Used Books:

1. Nishcheva N.V. Subject-spatial developmental environment in kindergarten. Principles of construction, advice, recommendations / Nishcheva // Childhood - Press. – 2010.
2. Korotkova N. A. Educational process in groups of children of senior preschool age. – M.: LINKA – PRESS, – 2007.
3. Mikhailenko N. Ya., Korotkova N. A. Organization of story-based games in kindergarten. M.: "Gnome and D" , - 1997.
4. Mikhailenko N. Ya., Korotkova N. A. How to play with a child. M.: Academic project, - 2001.

Snowman made from a sock

A great option for overly busy parents. By spending just a little time, you and your child can make a beautiful winter craft from scrap materials.

To do this you need:

• cut off the top of the sock to the heel (preferably white) and make a bag, gathering it into a bun and tying it tightly on one side;
• fill the bag with soft material, for example, padding polyester, and separate the body from the head, tying the snowman in the right place with thread. You can make a snowman more stable if you use any small grain as a filler;
• The snowman's hat and scarf can be made from paper or colored fabric, and the nose, eyes and mouth can be made from multi-colored beads.

The cheerful snowman for kindergarten is ready. To complete the look, you can sew colored buttons to the body.

Making a layout: method 1

After the entire diagram is drawn on paper, all that remains is to cut out the future building, bend the lines marked with a blue dotted line and cut the windows with a construction knife. Use a modeling board. It allows you to cut out parts from cardboard and then glue them together much more conveniently. The scheme presented in the photo above is suitable for the production of the simplest houses. A more complex structure will literally have to be made up of several parts. By the way, the layout can also be made to open (so you can see the interior of the house). It is on this principle that children's doll houses are made, which can be purchased in the store.

To make such a layout (photo), it is advisable to use the thickest cardboard you can find. In order for part of the wall to open, an appropriate fastener is used (this can be found in old Soviet-made boxes) or simply a piece of cardboard bent in half. Doors can be made to open in the same way.

Making a layout for a house model with your own hands

The process of making reamers yourself is no less exciting than working with ready-made samples. To do this, you will need almost any program for working with graphic images installed on your computer. CorelDraw or something similar that processes vector images is best. In it, with an increase or decrease in the image size, both the thickness of the lines and the loaded textures change in the same ratio. This allows you to obtain more realistic images. And the library of textures built into its shell is impressive. At the same time, by filling the sweep element with texture, you can get the finished appearance of the main layout elements.

The entire process, including filling parts of the scan with the selected texture, applying visual effects and architectural elements, and inserting images from the symbol library, takes from 10 minutes to half an hour if the house is not very complex. Print the scan on a color printer and start prototyping.

For testing, you can also use this one we made by copying the image to your computer and enlarging it to the required size.

Opinion of Top 3D Shop specialists

The main task in 3D modeling of any children's institutions is to clearly show architects and clients the peculiarities of perception of the design of the building and internal spaces by both adults and children. The layout should also be able to quickly make changes to the project, since the main modern trend in the construction of such objects is to emphasize the concept of individuality and organically fit the structure into the surrounding space.

You can read more about the technologies used to create layouts in the article “Making a layout of a school of any complexity.”

Creating a diagram of the future building

There are two ways to create the walls of a future building. For the first, a scheme like the one in the photo below is used. This is literally the entire building, but in a centerfold. Adjacent walls can be made continuous and not cut. They will simply need to be bent later, forming the corners of the building.

Immediately mark the locations of future windows. They must be on the same level. Don't forget to leave small indentations on the sides and bottom of the walls, as in the diagram. Afterwards, with their help it will be possible to connect the structural parts with each other. The entire building should be done to scale so that later the walls, roof and other parts of the house are proportional.

Simple house layouts without development

These are, first of all, houses assembled with your own hands from paper cylinders. The same layouts are great for various small architectural forms on prefabricated layouts with landscapes.

But also, using a similar technique, you can create a realistic model that imitates a log house so dear to the heart of any Russian.

To do this, you need to take longer pieces of paper to make the tubes, so that after folding, its turns resemble the annual rings of a tree cut.

And the junctions of the crowns can be modeled by pressing the ends of the tubes with a solid round object of suitable diameter.

It is easy to assemble a paper frame from such elements. And display the intermediate crowns along the facades, and for a sample you can take a photograph of any real log house.

It is better to make roof coverings for model houses separately, in the form of paper slate sheets, tile flakes or honeycombs of bitumen shingles.

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